Ozcan, A., Kaya, N., Atakisi, O., Karapehlivan, M., Atakisi, E. and Cenesiz, S. 2009. Effect of kefir on the oxidative stress due to lead in rats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 35: 91–93. To study the effect of kefir given to the rats, which have been developed oxidative stress through administration of lead, 36 rats were divided into 4 groups, the control group, the lead group, lead and kefir group and kefir group. After 6 weeks of treatment, blood levels of the glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin E, β-carotene and retinol were determined. The GSH level in the lead group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that in the control group and the MDA level was higher (p<0.05). On supplementing kefir with or without lead, these levels became similar to control group. Vit E increased by kefir supplementation. Thus kefir may indeed prevent the oxidative damage induced by lead and strengthen antioxidant system.

Airy beams showing curved paths have found extensive applications in fields such as optical trapping, biomedical analysis, and material processing. Despite their utility, dynamic control of Airy beams poses a significant challenge. This work investigates the experimental realization of dynamic steering of Airy beams by utilizing computer-generated holograms with phase-amplitude encoding on a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). We successfully generated and controlled Airy beams by imposing dynamic phase masks that manipulated both the phase and amplitude of the field, which sets our approach apart from conventional methods with only phase manipulation. By directly encoding in situ such a hologram and transferring it to an SLM, we are able to control the initial position and rotational orientation of Airy beams without relying on mechanical movement or traditional optical setups involving lenses and apertures. Generating Airy beams in any initial position and rotational direction is anticipated to significantly impact applications such as optical trapping, optical communication, and biomedical imaging by providing a flexible platform for dynamic Airy beam manipulation.

We studied photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) and energy spectra of sodium atoms photo-ionized with intense short laser pulses in the near-infrared region. Energy spectra of photoelectrons due to multistep ionization of sodium atoms through intermediate levels 5 p , 6 p , 7 p , and 4f were observed in above threshold ionization (ATI) at laser intensities of 2 × 10 ¹³ W cm ⁻² and 1 × 10 ¹³ W cm ⁻² . The PADs from the 5 p ( 4f ) state for zero, first, second and third order ATI peaks were measured. We observed that for the two selected laser intensities the angular distribution of photoelectrons showed only slight variations. The PADs exhibit main lobes within ∼60° degrees from the laser polarization and additional lobes that become more pronounced with the increasing ATI peak number. Besides a general analytical representation of the observed angular dependences, the experimental PADs for each ATI peak were fitted with Legendre polynomials accounting for different ionization channels. The good agreement between the experimental data and fitting functions allowed to evaluate the contributions of the ionization channels to the observed ATI orders. The calculations of the photoelectron spectra by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in a single active electron approximation produced agreement with the experiment in the main features of the spectra, while differences in more subtle details were observed.

<!-- *** Custom HTML *** --> Diffractive lenses are optical elements commonly used in many applications owing to their simple and compact design. A multifocal diffractive lens enables the simultaneous focusing of an incident laser beam on several positions along the optical axis. The distances between the focal points and the energy densities in the foci can be changed by varying grating parameters, i.e., the modulation depth and the grating period. This requires grating structures that have to be fabricated for each targeted optical arrangement. Even though some methods for designing diffractive lenses with variable focal positions are available, they do not provide real-time control over the energy distribution and focal locations of the foci. We aimed to develop coaxial or multiaxial multifocus diffractive lenses with computer-generated holograms. The focal distances and energy densities in the foci can be dynamically controlled by programmable holographic codes. The generated holographic lenses can be used for imaging with dynamic repositioning of created images fast and easily. Such a holographic diffractive lens can withstand a highly intense laser radiation, so it can be used in nonlinear optics experiments and can be employed for high harmonic generation, pump-probe experiments, optical tweezers, filamentation, and other applications.

We evaluated effect of different color filters on the electric production performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar photovoltaic panels in real outdoor environment. In the experiment, we used four different color filters from blue to red on photovoltaic panels to observe energy and efficiency performance of the mono and polycrystalline solar photovoltaic panels as well as temperature of the panels measured with and without filters. We observed the wavelength dependence of monocrystalline photovoltaic panel is more effective than the polycrystalline photovoltaic panel one. For both panels we see that yellow color filtered produced the highest power value and have the lowest temperature value. This can be explained with that the spectrum of yellow color filter covers most of the radiation of solar but blocking infrared and ultraviolet side of the sun spectrum. This also causes the lower panel temperature. On the other hand, we observed that photovoltaic panels with blue color filter have the highest temperature value and the lowest power value. By the study we suggest that by optimizing the semiconductor band gaps in photovoltaic panels respect to solar wavelength, one can produce photovoltaic panels with higher efficiency by using filters, especially in hot climate regions. We expected that the results will also contribute to a better analysis of the points that need to be developed during the photovoltaic panel production stages.

This study investigates how holographically shaped transverse electromagnetic (TEM) laser beam modes can enhance wireless power transmission (WPT) efficiency in nonlinear media. Conventional intracavity methods for generating TEM laser beam modes often reduce electrical-to-laser conversion efficiency. To avoid this limitation, we employed computer-generated holograms on an external spatial light modulator (SLM) to transform an initial Gaussian beam into higher-order modes, including Hermite–Gaussian and Laguerre–Gaussian beams. This approach preserves the intrinsic efficiency of the laser source. Our experiments demonstrate, for the first time, that such beam shaping can significantly improve WPT performance through a nonlinear medium. Nonlinear media refers to materials where the refractive index depends on the intensity of the light, such as pressurized air, nonlinear crystals, or specific liquids. Notably, selected Laguerre–Gaussian modes exhibited transmission gains of up to 12.0% compared with the fundamental mode. These findings provide new insights for designing efficient and robust laser-based energy transfer systems for operation in nonlinear environments.