This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well established to cause hyperplastic papillomas (warts) in humans and animals. In addition, due to their ability to alter cell regulation, PVs are also recognized to cause approximately 5% of human cancers and these viruses have been associated with neoplasia in a number of animal species. In contrast to other domestic species, cats have traditionally been thought to less frequently develop disease due to PV infection. However, in the last 15 years, the number of viruses and the different lesions associated with PVs in cats have greatly expanded. In this review, the PV life cycle and the subsequent immune response is briefly discussed along with methods used to investigate a PV etiology of a lesion. The seven PV types that are currently known to infect cats are reviewed. The lesions that have been associated with PV infections in cats are then discussed and the review finishes with a brief discussion on the use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced disease in domestic cats.
John S. Munday; Neroli A. Thomson. Papillomaviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021, 13, 1664 .
AMA StyleJohn S. Munday, Neroli A. Thomson. Papillomaviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1664.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn S. Munday; Neroli A. Thomson. 2021. "Papillomaviruses in Domestic Cats." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1664.
Standardization of tumor assessment lays the foundation for validation of grading systems, permits reproducibility of oncologic studies among investigators, and increases confidence in the significance of study results. Currently, there is minimal methodological standardization for assessing tumors in veterinary medicine, with few attempts to validate published protocols and grading schemes. The current article attempts to address these shortcomings by providing standard guidelines for tumor assessment parameters and protocols for evaluating specific tumor types. More detailed information is available in the Supplemental Files, the intention of which is 2-fold: publication as part of this commentary, but more importantly, these will be available as “living documents” on a website ( www.vetcancerprotocols.org ), which will be updated as new information is presented in the peer-reviewed literature. Our hope is that veterinary pathologists will agree that this initiative is needed, and will contribute to and utilize this information for routine diagnostic work and oncologic studies. Journal editors and reviewers can utilize checklists to ensure publications include sufficient detail and standardized methods of tumor assessment. To maintain the relevance of the guidelines and protocols, it is critical that the information is periodically updated and revised as new studies are published and validated with the intent of providing a repository of this information. Our hope is that this initiative (a continuation of efforts published in this journal in 2011) will facilitate collaboration and reproducibility between pathologists and institutions, increase case numbers, and strengthen clinical research findings, thus ensuring continued progress in veterinary oncologic pathology and improving patient care.
Donald J. Meuten; Frances M. Moore; Taryn A. Donovan; Christof A. Bertram; Robert Klopfleisch; Robert A. Foster; Rebecca C. Smedley; Michael J. Dark; Milan Milovancev; Paul Stromberg; Bruce H. Williams; Marc Aubreville; Giancarlo Avallone; Pompei Bolfa; John Cullen; Michelle M. Dennis; Michael Goldschmidt; Richard Luong; Andrew D. Miller; Margaret A. Miller; John S. Munday; Paola Roccabianca; Elisa N. Salas; F. Yvonne Schulman; Renee Laufer-Amorim; Midori G. Asakawa; Linden Craig; Nick Dervisis; D. Glen Esplin; Jeanne W. George; Marlene Hauck; Yumiko Kagawa; Matti Kiupel; Keith Linder; Kristina Meichner; Laura Marconato; Michelle L. Oblak; Renato L. Santos; R. Mark Simpson; Harold Tvedten; Derick Whitley. International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action. Veterinary Pathology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDonald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten, Derick Whitley. International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action. Veterinary Pathology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonald J. Meuten; Frances M. Moore; Taryn A. Donovan; Christof A. Bertram; Robert Klopfleisch; Robert A. Foster; Rebecca C. Smedley; Michael J. Dark; Milan Milovancev; Paul Stromberg; Bruce H. Williams; Marc Aubreville; Giancarlo Avallone; Pompei Bolfa; John Cullen; Michelle M. Dennis; Michael Goldschmidt; Richard Luong; Andrew D. Miller; Margaret A. Miller; John S. Munday; Paola Roccabianca; Elisa N. Salas; F. Yvonne Schulman; Renee Laufer-Amorim; Midori G. Asakawa; Linden Craig; Nick Dervisis; D. Glen Esplin; Jeanne W. George; Marlene Hauck; Yumiko Kagawa; Matti Kiupel; Keith Linder; Kristina Meichner; Laura Marconato; Michelle L. Oblak; Renato L. Santos; R. Mark Simpson; Harold Tvedten; Derick Whitley. 2021. "International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action." Veterinary Pathology , no. : 1.
Numerous raised plaques were observed on the feet of a red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae scopulinus) that had been found dead. The plaques consisted of thickened epidermis with cell changes indicative of papillomavirus (PV) infection prominent within affected areas. Evidence suggesting progression to neoplasia was visible in one lesion. A DNA sequence that was most similar, but only 68.3% identical, to duck PV type 3 was amplified from the papillomas, suggesting a novel PV type. Lesions containing PV DNA have only previously been reported in three avian species. This is the first evidence that PVs could cause neoplasia in birds.
John S. Munday; Mike R. Hardcastle; Stuart Hunter; Cathy J. Harvey. Papillomas and probable in situ carcinoma in association with a novel papillomavirus in a red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae scopulinus). Archives of Virology 2021, 166, 1157 -1161.
AMA StyleJohn S. Munday, Mike R. Hardcastle, Stuart Hunter, Cathy J. Harvey. Papillomas and probable in situ carcinoma in association with a novel papillomavirus in a red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae scopulinus). Archives of Virology. 2021; 166 (4):1157-1161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn S. Munday; Mike R. Hardcastle; Stuart Hunter; Cathy J. Harvey. 2021. "Papillomas and probable in situ carcinoma in association with a novel papillomavirus in a red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae scopulinus)." Archives of Virology 166, no. 4: 1157-1161.
Aberrant expression of immune check point molecules, programmed death ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has been reported in many human cancers with increased protein and gene expression correlated with an aggressive behaviour in some neoplasms. Additionally, PD-L1 blockade has been shown to be an effective therapy for some human cancers. Canine mammary gland tumours have previously been shown to produce PD-L1 protein, but there are no previous studies investigating CTLA-4 in these common canine neoplasms. The present study investigated protein and gene expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in 41 histologically-malignant, outcome-known CMGTs. The PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immunostaining scores of the mammary gland tumours that subsequently metastasised were significantly higher than those of tumours which did not metastasise (PD-L1: p = 0.005, CTLA-4: p = 0.003). Gene expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 was also significantly higher in tumours which subsequently metastasised (PD-L1: p = 0.023, CTLA-4: p = 0.022). Further, higher PD-L1 or CTLA-4 immunostaining scores correlated with shorter survival times of dogs (PD-L1: rs = - 0.42, p = 0.008, CTLA-4: rs = - 0.4, p = 0.01) while PD-L1 immunostaining was independently prognostic of survival time (Δ F = 4.9, p = 0.035). These findings suggest that higher protein and gene expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 by tumour cells increases the chances of metastasis and measuring these proteins may predict likely neoplasm behaviour. Additionally, if increased expression of these proteins promotes metastasis, blocking PD-L1 or CTLA-4 may be beneficial to treat canine mammary gland tumours.
Harsha Ariyarathna; Neroli A Thomson; Danielle Aberdein; Matthew R Perrott; John S Munday. Increased programmed death ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expression is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in malignant canine mammary gland tumours. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2020, 230, 110142 .
AMA StyleHarsha Ariyarathna, Neroli A Thomson, Danielle Aberdein, Matthew R Perrott, John S Munday. Increased programmed death ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expression is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in malignant canine mammary gland tumours. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 2020; 230 ():110142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarsha Ariyarathna; Neroli A Thomson; Danielle Aberdein; Matthew R Perrott; John S Munday. 2020. "Increased programmed death ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expression is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in malignant canine mammary gland tumours." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 230, no. : 110142.
A 10-year-old horse presented with two 3-cm diameter exophytic masses over the fetlock. Histology was consistent with a hyperplastic squamous papilloma and numerous cell changes consistent with papillomavirus (PV) infection were visible. Partial sequences of PV L1 and E1 ORFs were amplified using consensus PCR primers. The sequences were most similar to Equus caballus type 1 (EcPV1). However, as the sequences were only around 73% similar to EcPV1, they appear to be from a novel PV type that is likely to be within the Zetapapillomavirus genus. The papillomas were treated with topical imiquimod and resolved within 14 weeks. The clinical presentation of the papillomas in the present case had marked differences to the clinical presentation of EcPV-1-induced papillomas, which are typically small, numerous and around the face. Observations from the present case increase the clinical spectrum of PV-induced lesions in this species as well as providing evidence of an additional novel papillomavirus that is able to cause disease in horses.
John S. Munday; Michael R. Hardcastle; Melissa Sim. Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse. Pathogens 2020, 9, 816 .
AMA StyleJohn S. Munday, Michael R. Hardcastle, Melissa Sim. Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (10):816.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn S. Munday; Michael R. Hardcastle; Melissa Sim. 2020. "Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse." Pathogens 9, no. 10: 816.
Les papillomes viraux développés sur le doigt d’un chien ont été retirés et ont récidivés à quatre reprises en deux ans. Malgré la « persistance » des papillomes, ils sont restés petits et confinés aux doigts, et n’ont pas disséminés ou ne se sont pas aggravés. Tous les papillomes persistants ne progressent pas, même si ils sont traités avec des traitements plus conservateurs.
John S. Munday; Susan A. Piripi; Alan Julian; Scott J. Martin. Long‐term recurrent, yet nonprogressive, pedal viral papillomas in a dog. Veterinary Dermatology 2020, 31, 489 -e128.
AMA StyleJohn S. Munday, Susan A. Piripi, Alan Julian, Scott J. Martin. Long‐term recurrent, yet nonprogressive, pedal viral papillomas in a dog. Veterinary Dermatology. 2020; 31 (6):489-e128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn S. Munday; Susan A. Piripi; Alan Julian; Scott J. Martin. 2020. "Long‐term recurrent, yet nonprogressive, pedal viral papillomas in a dog." Veterinary Dermatology 31, no. 6: 489-e128.
A 12‐year‐old spayed English pointer dog developed multiple skin lesions including pigmented viral plaques, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and trichoblastomas. Canine papillomavirus type 3 was detected in multiple lesions suggesting common aetiology.
Helen L. Orbell; John S. Munday; Geoffrey M. B. Orbell; Craig E. Griffin. Development of multiple cutaneous and follicular neoplasms associated with canine papillomavirus type 3 in a dog. Veterinary Dermatology 2020, 31, 401 -403.
AMA StyleHelen L. Orbell, John S. Munday, Geoffrey M. B. Orbell, Craig E. Griffin. Development of multiple cutaneous and follicular neoplasms associated with canine papillomavirus type 3 in a dog. Veterinary Dermatology. 2020; 31 (5):401-403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelen L. Orbell; John S. Munday; Geoffrey M. B. Orbell; Craig E. Griffin. 2020. "Development of multiple cutaneous and follicular neoplasms associated with canine papillomavirus type 3 in a dog." Veterinary Dermatology 31, no. 5: 401-403.
An oral mass was surgically excised from the gingiva of a pig. As the mass had a similar histological appearance to an equine sarcoid, DNA was extracted and consensus PCR primers used to amplify papillomavirus (PV) DNA. DNA sequences from Ovis aries papillomavirus (OaPV) type 2 were amplified both from a section of the entire mass as well as an area deeper within the mass away from the surface of the lesion. No other PV types were detected within the oral lesion. Ovis aries PV2 is a Delta PV that is closely related to the bovine Delta PVs that cause sarcoids in horses and cats. These results suggest that OaPV2 may be able to infect pigs and this virus could have caused the mesenchymal neoplasm in the mouth of this pig. This is the first evidence that a non-bovine PV can infect a non-host species and the first report of a sarcoid-like mass in pigs. These observations add to the range of species in which PV-associated neoplasia has been reported and suggest that cross-species infection by other Delta PV types may be possible.
John S. Munday; Rob Fairley; Isabella Lowery. Detection of Ovis aries papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences in a sarcoid-like mass in the mouth of a pig. Veterinary Microbiology 2020, 248, 108801 .
AMA StyleJohn S. Munday, Rob Fairley, Isabella Lowery. Detection of Ovis aries papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences in a sarcoid-like mass in the mouth of a pig. Veterinary Microbiology. 2020; 248 ():108801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn S. Munday; Rob Fairley; Isabella Lowery. 2020. "Detection of Ovis aries papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences in a sarcoid-like mass in the mouth of a pig." Veterinary Microbiology 248, no. : 108801.
Viruses are becoming increasingly recognized as an important cause of feline skin disease. Diseases associated with viruses in cats include hyperplastic and neoplastic skin disease caused by papillomaviruses, erosive and ulcerative skin disease caused by herpesviruses and poxviruses, and skin lesions that develop as a part of a more generalized viral infection as is seen due to calicivirus infection. Skin disease may also be seen in cats infected by feline leukemia virus and feline infectious peritonitis virus. In this chapter, the etiology and epidemiology of infection by each of the viruses that cause feline skin disease are reviewed along with the clinical disease presentation, the histological lesions, and other appropriate diagnostic tests. Additionally, the expected clinical course of the diseases and the currently recommended therapies are described.
John S. Munday; Sylvie Wilhelm. Viral Diseases. Feline Dermatology 2020, 359 -385.
AMA StyleJohn S. Munday, Sylvie Wilhelm. Viral Diseases. Feline Dermatology. 2020; ():359-385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn S. Munday; Sylvie Wilhelm. 2020. "Viral Diseases." Feline Dermatology , no. : 359-385.
Hemangiosarcomas (HSA) are common neoplasms of dogs that often metastasize and are typically fatal. Recently it was demonstrated that thalidomide extends the survival time of dogs with HSA, potentially due to thalidomide-induced inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by the neoplastic cells. To investigate this, immunostaining was used to evaluate VEGF within HSA metastases that developed after thalidomide treatment. The immunostaining was then compared to VEGF immunostaining in primary tumors from the same dogs prior to treatment with thalidomide and in metastatic tumors from untreated dogs with splenic HSA. Immunostaining was scored from 1 to 4 for each sample. Immunostaining in the metastatic lesions that had been treated with thalidomide had a mean immunostaining score of 1.4 which was significantly lower than the mean score in the corresponding primary splenic HSA (3.8, p = 0.02) and in metastases from untreated dogs (3.5, p = 0.02). This supports the hypothesis that thalidomide prolongs survival time in dogs with HSA due to inhibition of VEGF production by the neoplastic cells. As VEGF remained visible within HSAs exposed to thalidomide, additional treatments to inhibit VEGF production may further prolong survival times of dogs with these common canine neoplasms.
Jonathan P. Bray; John S. Munday. Thalidomide Reduces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Immunostaining in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 67 .
AMA StyleJonathan P. Bray, John S. Munday. Thalidomide Reduces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Immunostaining in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (2):67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan P. Bray; John S. Munday. 2020. "Thalidomide Reduces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Immunostaining in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 2: 67.
Multiple papillomatous nodules were observed scattered over the amniotic membrane in six water buffaloes that had recently aborted. Grossly, some of the nodules had multiple villous projections while others appeared as single prominent conical or cylindrical horns. Histology revealed folded hyperplastic and hyperkeratotic epithelium supported by a narrow fibro-vascular stalk. Using PCR, sequences of the bovine Deltapapillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) E5 gene were amplified from the amniotic papillomas. Furthermore, expression of the E5 gene was detected using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Western blotting revealed BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein as well as L1 protein, suggesting both abortive and productive infection. Additionally, a functional complex composed of BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein and the phosphorylated PDGFβR was detected, which is consistent with the activation of PDGFβR by the interaction with BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein. These results demonstrate that BPV-2 can infect the amnion of water buffaloes and suggest that this infection may cause proliferation of the epithelial cells of the amnion. While the precise pathogenesis in uncertain, it is possible that BPV-2 infection of stratified squamous epithelial cells within squamous metaplasia foci and/or amniotic plaques could lead to papilloma formation. Papillomavirus-associated amniotic papillomas have not previously been reported in any species, including humans.
Valeria Russo; Franco Roperto; Davide De Biase; Pellegrino Cerino; Chiara Urraro; John S. Munday; Sante Roperto. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection Associated with Papillomatosis of the Amniotic Membrane in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Pathogens 2020, 9, 262 .
AMA StyleValeria Russo, Franco Roperto, Davide De Biase, Pellegrino Cerino, Chiara Urraro, John S. Munday, Sante Roperto. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection Associated with Papillomatosis of the Amniotic Membrane in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Pathogens. 2020; 9 (4):262.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Russo; Franco Roperto; Davide De Biase; Pellegrino Cerino; Chiara Urraro; John S. Munday; Sante Roperto. 2020. "Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection Associated with Papillomatosis of the Amniotic Membrane in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)." Pathogens 9, no. 4: 262.
Case history and clinical findings: A flock of 20 sheep was kept within three paddocks on a single property. None of the animals in the flock had been vaccinated against any disease for at least three years. Abdominal bloating and haemorrhagic diarrhoea were observed in Lamb 1 at 24 hours-of-age. The lamb subsequently died within an hour of the onset of clinical signs. Lamb 2 was 3-days-old when observed to be recumbent with opisthotonus. The lamb was treated with dextrose, vitamins B1 and B12, and penicillin G, but died 4 hours later.Pathological findings: Examination of Lamb 1 revealed markedly increased gas within the peritoneum and within dilated loops of intestine. The intestines were dark red and contained large quantities of haemorrhagic fluid. Histology of the intestines revealed peracute mucosal necrosis with minimal accompanying inflammation. The intestinal lumen contained cell debris, haemorrhage, and myriad large Gram-positive bacilli. The intestines of Lamb 2 did not appear bloated or reddened. However, multiple fibrin clots were visible within the pericardial sac. Histopathological examination revealed small foci of necrosis within the mucosa of the distal intestine. The necrotic foci were often associated with large numbers of large Gram-positive bacilli.Immunohistochemsitry and molecular biology: Intestinal samples from Lamb 1 were processed for Clostridium perfringens immunohistochemistry, which revealed large numbers of intralesional, positively immunostained rods. Fragments corresponding to the expected sizes for genes encoding alpha, beta, and epsilon C. perfringens typing toxins were amplified by PCR from DNA extracted from formalin-fixed sections of intestine.Diagnosis: Lamb dysentery due to C. perfringens type B.Clinical relevance:C. perfringens bacteria have a worldwide distribution, but disease due to C. perfringens type B has only been diagnosed in a small number of countries and has never been reported in New Zealand or Australia. C. perfringens type B produce both beta toxin and epsilon toxins, therefore both haemorrhagic enteritis and systemic vascular damage can develop. As many animals are exposed to C. perfringens without developing disease, there must be additional unknown factors that resulted in disease in these particular sheep. Vaccines that specifically protect against C. perfringens type B are available and may be recommended for use in smaller non-commercial flocks, as in the present case.
J S Munday; H Bentall; D Aberdein; M Navarro; F A Uzal; S Brown. Death of a neonatal lamb due to Clostridium perfringens type B in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 2020, 68, 242 -246.
AMA StyleJ S Munday, H Bentall, D Aberdein, M Navarro, F A Uzal, S Brown. Death of a neonatal lamb due to Clostridium perfringens type B in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 2020; 68 (4):242-246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ S Munday; H Bentall; D Aberdein; M Navarro; F A Uzal; S Brown. 2020. "Death of a neonatal lamb due to Clostridium perfringens type B in New Zealand." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 68, no. 4: 242-246.
Papillomaviruses infect the skin and mucosal surfaces of diverse animal hosts with consequences ranging from asymptomatic colonization to highly malignant epithelial cancers. Increasing evidence suggests a role for papillomaviruses in the most common cutaneous malignancy of domestic cats, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Using total DNA sequencing we identified a novel feline papillomavirus in a nasal biopsy taken from a cat presenting with both nasal cavity lymphoma and recurrent squamous cell carcinoma affecting the nasal planum. We designate this novel virus as Felis catus papillomavirus 6 (FcaPV6). The complete FcaPV6 7453 bp genome was similar to those of other feline papillomaviruses and phylogenetic analysis revealed that it was most closely related to FcaPV3, although was distinct enough to represent a new viral type. Classification of FcaPV6 in a new genus alongside FcaPVs 3, 4 and 5 is supported. Archived excisional biopsy of the SCC, taken 20 months prior to presentation, was intensely positive on p16 immunostaining. FcaPV6, amplified using virus-specific, but not consensus, PCR, was the only papillomavirus detected in DNA extracted from the SCC. Conversely, renal lymphoma, sampled at necropsy two months after presentation, tested negative on FcaPV6-specific PCR. In sum, using metagenomics we demonstrate the presence of a novel feline papillomavirus in association with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Maura Carrai; Kate Van Brussel; Mang Shi; Ci-Xiu Li; Wei-Shan Chang; John S. Munday; Katja Voss; Alicia McLuckie; David Taylor; Andrew Laws; Edward C. Holmes; Vanessa R. Barrs; Julia A. Beatty. Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat. Viruses 2020, 12, 124 .
AMA StyleMaura Carrai, Kate Van Brussel, Mang Shi, Ci-Xiu Li, Wei-Shan Chang, John S. Munday, Katja Voss, Alicia McLuckie, David Taylor, Andrew Laws, Edward C. Holmes, Vanessa R. Barrs, Julia A. Beatty. Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat. Viruses. 2020; 12 (1):124.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaura Carrai; Kate Van Brussel; Mang Shi; Ci-Xiu Li; Wei-Shan Chang; John S. Munday; Katja Voss; Alicia McLuckie; David Taylor; Andrew Laws; Edward C. Holmes; Vanessa R. Barrs; Julia A. Beatty. 2020. "Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat." Viruses 12, no. 1: 124.
Papillomaviruses infect the skin and mucosal surfaces of diverse animal hosts with consequences ranging from asymptomatic colonization to highly malignant epithelial cancers. Increasing evidence suggests a role for papillomaviruses in the most common cutaneous malignancy of domestic cats, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Using total DNA sequencing we identified a novel feline papillomavirus in a nasal biopsy taken from a cat presenting with both nasal cavity lymphoma and recurrent squamous cell carcinoma affecting the nasal planum. We designate this novel virus as Felis catus papillomavirus 6 (FcaPV6). The complete FcaPV6 7453 bp genome was similar to those of other feline papillomaviruses and phylogenetic analysis revealed that it was most closely related to FcaPV3, although was distinct enough to represent a new viral species within the genus Taupapillomavirus. Archived excisional biopsy of the SCC, taken 20 months prior to presentation, was intensely positive on p16 immunostaining. FcaPV6, amplified using virus-specific, but not consensus, PCR was the only papillomavirus detected in DNA extracted from the SCC. Conversely, renal lymphoma, sampled at necropsy two months after presentation, tested negative on FcaPV6-specific PCR. In sum, using metagenomics we demonstrate the presence of a novel feline papillomavirus in association with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Maura Carrai; Kate Van Brussel; Mang Shi; Ci-Xiu Li; John S Munday; Katja Voss; Alicia McLuckie; David Taylor; Andrew Laws; Edward C. Holmes; Vanessa Barrs; Julia Beatty. Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMaura Carrai, Kate Van Brussel, Mang Shi, Ci-Xiu Li, John S Munday, Katja Voss, Alicia McLuckie, David Taylor, Andrew Laws, Edward C. Holmes, Vanessa Barrs, Julia Beatty. Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaura Carrai; Kate Van Brussel; Mang Shi; Ci-Xiu Li; John S Munday; Katja Voss; Alicia McLuckie; David Taylor; Andrew Laws; Edward C. Holmes; Vanessa Barrs; Julia Beatty. 2019. "Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat." , no. : 1.
In 2015, over 850,000 people died from chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). A novel hepatitis B-like virus has recently been identified in domestic cats. The pathogenic potential of domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), for which 6.5% to 10.8% of pet cats are viremic, is unknown. We evaluated stored formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies of diseased and normal feline liver for the presence of DCH using PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH). DCH was detected in 43% (6/14) of chronic hepatitis cases and 28% (8/29) of HCCs, whereas cholangitis (n = 6), biliary carcinoma (n = 18) and normal liver (n = 15) all tested negative for DCH. Furthermore, in DCH-associated cases, the histologic features of inflammation and neoplasia, and the viral distribution on ISH were strikingly similar to those seen with HBV-associated disease. Several histological features common in human HBV-associated hepatitis, including piecemeal necrosis and apoptotic bodies, were identified in DCH-positive cases of chronic hepatitis. In two cases of HCC examined, the proliferation index in regions that were ISH-positive was higher than in ISH-negative regions. The intracellular distribution of virus in both hepatitis and HCC demonstrated that viral nucleic acid is present in both nuclear and cytoplasmic forms. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a compelling association between DCH and some cases of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the cat that mirrors features of HBV-associated hepatopathies. Future investigations of viral epidemiology and natural history are needed to establish the impact of DCH on feline health.
Patricia A. Pesavento; Kenneth Jackson; Bronte Hampson; John S. Munday; Vanessa R. Barrs; Julia A. Beatty. A Novel Hepadnavirus is Associated with Chronic Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cats. Viruses 2019, 11, 969 .
AMA StylePatricia A. Pesavento, Kenneth Jackson, Bronte Hampson, John S. Munday, Vanessa R. Barrs, Julia A. Beatty. A Novel Hepadnavirus is Associated with Chronic Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cats. Viruses. 2019; 11 (10):969.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia A. Pesavento; Kenneth Jackson; Bronte Hampson; John S. Munday; Vanessa R. Barrs; Julia A. Beatty. 2019. "A Novel Hepadnavirus is Associated with Chronic Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cats." Viruses 11, no. 10: 969.
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play an important role in mediating the physiological response to low oxygen environments. However, whether the expression of HIFs changes with age is unknown. In the present study, the effect of aging on HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α and VEGF expression in the heart and lung of 30 Tibetan sheep that were adapted to hypoxia was evaluated. The 30 sheep were subdivided into groups of 10 animals that were 1, 2 or 6 years of age. Immunohistochemistry for HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α and VEGF revealed that the immunostaining intensity of VEGF protein in the heart and lung was significantly higher than the intensity of immunostaining against the HIFs (p < 0.05). HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein translocated into the nucleus of cardiac muscle cells. However, immunostaining for HIF-3α was restricted to the cytoplasm of the myocardial cells. Immunostaining for HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α and VEGF was detected within alveolar macrophages. The concentration of HIF-1α and HIF-2α was higher in the lung of 1-year-old than 6-year-old sheep (p < 0.05). In contrast, HIF-3α and VEGF immunostaining was most prominent in the hearts of the oldest sheep. However, when RT-PCR was used to evaluate RNA within the tissues, the expression of all four studied genes was higher in the lung than in the heart in the 1-year-old sheep (p < 0.05). Furthermore, VEGF and HIF-3α gene expression was higher in the heart from 1-year old than 6-year old sheep (p < 0.05). However, in the lung, HIF-1α and HIF-2α gene expression was lower in 1-year old than 6-year old sheep (p < 0.05). We conclude that HIF-3α and VEGF may play be important in how the heart responds to hypoxia. Additionally, HIF-1α and HIF-2α may have a role in the adaptation of the lung to hypoxia. The expression of these proteins in alveolar macrophages suggests a potential role of these cells in the physiological response to hypoxia. These results are useful in understanding how age influences the hypoxia adaption mechanisms of the heart and lung and may help to better understand chronic mountain sickness that is commonly observed in Tibetan people living on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.
Yanyu He; John S Munday; Matthew Perrott; Guan Wang; Xiu Liu. Association of Age with the Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α and VEGF in Lung and Heart of Tibetan Sheep. Animals 2019, 9, 673 .
AMA StyleYanyu He, John S Munday, Matthew Perrott, Guan Wang, Xiu Liu. Association of Age with the Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α and VEGF in Lung and Heart of Tibetan Sheep. Animals. 2019; 9 (9):673.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanyu He; John S Munday; Matthew Perrott; Guan Wang; Xiu Liu. 2019. "Association of Age with the Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α and VEGF in Lung and Heart of Tibetan Sheep." Animals 9, no. 9: 673.
Papillomaviruses (PVs) cause around 5% of all human cancers, including most cervical cancers and around a quarter of all oral cancers. Additionally, some studies have suggested that PVs could cause a proportion of human lung, breast, and bladder cancers. As PVs have been associated with skin cancer in cats and, more rarely, dogs, it was hypothesized that these viruses could also contribute to epithelial cancers of the lung, mammary gland, and bladder of dogs and cats. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 47 canine and 25 feline cancers were examined histologically for evidence of PV infection. Additionally, three sets of consensus PCR primers were used to amplify PV DNA from the samples. No histological evidence of PV infection was visible in any of the cancers. DNA from a bovine PV type was amplified from one sample, while two different samples were found to contain human PV DNA. However, these were considered to be contaminants, and no canine or feline PV types were amplified from any of the cancers. These results suggest that PVs do not frequently infect the lung, mammary gland, or bladder of dogs and cats and therefore are unlikely to be significant factors in the development of cancers in these tissues.
John S. Munday; Chloe B. MacLachlan; Matthew R. Perrott; Danielle Aberdein. Papillomavirus DNA is not Amplifiable from Bladder, Lung, or Mammary Gland Cancers in Dogs or Cats. Animals 2019, 9, 668 .
AMA StyleJohn S. Munday, Chloe B. MacLachlan, Matthew R. Perrott, Danielle Aberdein. Papillomavirus DNA is not Amplifiable from Bladder, Lung, or Mammary Gland Cancers in Dogs or Cats. Animals. 2019; 9 (9):668.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn S. Munday; Chloe B. MacLachlan; Matthew R. Perrott; Danielle Aberdein. 2019. "Papillomavirus DNA is not Amplifiable from Bladder, Lung, or Mammary Gland Cancers in Dogs or Cats." Animals 9, no. 9: 668.
J.S. Munday; Yanyu He; D. Aberdein; H.J. Klobukowska. Increased p16CDKN2A, but not p53, immunostaining is predictive of longer survival time in cats with oral squamous cell carcinomas. The Veterinary Journal 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleJ.S. Munday, Yanyu He, D. Aberdein, H.J. Klobukowska. Increased p16CDKN2A, but not p53, immunostaining is predictive of longer survival time in cats with oral squamous cell carcinomas. The Veterinary Journal. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.S. Munday; Yanyu He; D. Aberdein; H.J. Klobukowska. 2019. "Increased p16CDKN2A, but not p53, immunostaining is predictive of longer survival time in cats with oral squamous cell carcinomas." The Veterinary Journal , no. : 1.
Vertebral fusions are an established economic concern in farmed Atlantic salmon, but have not been studied in detail in farmed Chinook salmon. Two radiographic studies of vertebral fusions were performed in farmed Chinook salmon. Sixteen of 1,301 (1.2%) smolt and 201 of 2,636 (7.6%) harvest fish had fusions. There were no significant differences in the number of fused vertebrae/fusion in smolt compared with harvest fish. Secondly, tagged fish were repeatedly radiographed to determine the progression of the fusions. Nineteen (4.4%), 23 (5.3%) and 39 (9.0%) fish had fusions as smolt, after 129 days in sea water, and at harvest, respectively. There were no significant differences in the average number of vertebra/fusion between the three time points. Of the fusions that were observed in smolt, additional vertebra did not become fused in 81% of the lesions. Within the rare fusions that did progress due to the involvement of adjacent vertebra, an average of 1.6 vertebrae were added per year. Fish with fusions were significantly lighter than non-affected fish at harvest. Fusions are common in farmed Chinook salmon; however, they are typically stable after development. As fish with fusions were lighter at harvest, reducing fusions may have an economic benefit.
Peter S. Davie; Seamus P. Walker; Matthew R. Perrott; Jane Symonds; Mark Preece; Bailey A. Lovett; John S. Munday. Vertebral fusions in farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in New Zealand. Journal of Fish Diseases 2019, 42, 965 -974.
AMA StylePeter S. Davie, Seamus P. Walker, Matthew R. Perrott, Jane Symonds, Mark Preece, Bailey A. Lovett, John S. Munday. Vertebral fusions in farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in New Zealand. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2019; 42 (7):965-974.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter S. Davie; Seamus P. Walker; Matthew R. Perrott; Jane Symonds; Mark Preece; Bailey A. Lovett; John S. Munday. 2019. "Vertebral fusions in farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in New Zealand." Journal of Fish Diseases 42, no. 7: 965-974.
Epichloë endophytes have been used successfully in pastoral grasses providing protection against insect pests through the expression of secondary metabolites. This approach could be extended to other plant species, such as cereals, reducing reliance on pesticides. To be successful, the selected endophyte must express secondary metabolites that are active against cereal insect pests without any secondary metabolite, which is harmful to animals. Chanoclavine is of interest as it is commonly expressed by endophytes and has potential insecticidal activity. Investigation of possible mammalian toxicity is therefore required. An acute oral toxicity study showed the median lethal dose of chanoclavine to be >2000 mg/kg. This allows it to be classified as category 5 using the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals, and category 6.1E using the New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) hazard classes, the lowest hazard class under both systems of classification. A three-week feeding study was also performed, which showed chanoclavine, at a dose rate of 123.9 mg/kg/day, initially reduced food consumption but was resolved by day seven. No toxicologically significant effects on gross pathology, histology, hematology, or blood chemistry were observed. These experiments showed chanoclavine to be of low toxicity and raised no food safety concerns.
Sarah C. Finch; John S. Munday; Jan M. Sprosen; Sweta Bhattarai. Toxicity Studies of Chanoclavine in Mice. Toxins 2019, 11, 249 .
AMA StyleSarah C. Finch, John S. Munday, Jan M. Sprosen, Sweta Bhattarai. Toxicity Studies of Chanoclavine in Mice. Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah C. Finch; John S. Munday; Jan M. Sprosen; Sweta Bhattarai. 2019. "Toxicity Studies of Chanoclavine in Mice." Toxins 11, no. 5: 249.