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Jinjing Gao
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

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Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Cobenefits between water and energy are always pursued for urban planning since their consumption has a significant influence on each resource. To achieve the optimal conservation of both resources, i.e., reducing energy consumption while resolving water resource problems, this study established a new water resource allocation optimization tool with traditional water resources (such as surface water and ground water) and untraditional water resources (such as reclaimed water and desalinated water) using a multiobjective model with an evolutionary algorithm, which minimized the water consumption of freshwater and lowered the energy consumption of the system. To validate the model, the water resource system in Tianjin, one of the metropolitans in China, was simulated to provide the optimal water and energy conservation plan on a Pareto frontier. Our results suggest that at least 17% of current freshwater consumption could be decreased with less energy contribution by using imported water and a centralized supply in Tianjin. Furthermore, a minimum of 3.15 kWh of energy input would be required to save 1 m3 of fresh water with the assumption of linear regression fitting of the Pareto frontier in the water allocation plan. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effects of variations in the demand/supply volumes as well as the energy supply involved in untraditional water resources. Thus, our optimization model can help policy makers identify water and energy cobenefits under different water allocation plans and provide valuable references for the optimization of the water and energy nexus.

ACS Style

Jinjing Gao; Chenlong Li; Peng Zhao; Hongwei Zhang; Guozhu Mao; Yuan Wang. Insights into water-energy cobenefits and trade-offs in water resource management. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 213, 1188 -1203.

AMA Style

Jinjing Gao, Chenlong Li, Peng Zhao, Hongwei Zhang, Guozhu Mao, Yuan Wang. Insights into water-energy cobenefits and trade-offs in water resource management. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 213 ():1188-1203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinjing Gao; Chenlong Li; Peng Zhao; Hongwei Zhang; Guozhu Mao; Yuan Wang. 2018. "Insights into water-energy cobenefits and trade-offs in water resource management." Journal of Cleaner Production 213, no. : 1188-1203.

Review
Published: 14 April 2018 in Sustainability
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As two indispensable resources for human development, energy and water are closely related. China, as the world’s largest consumer of electricity, is also experiencing very serious water shortages. Understanding the water consumption intensity in various types of electric power production technologies according to China’s national conditions is a prerequisite for understanding the potential impact of electrical power production on water resources. Therefore, following the steps of a meta-analysis, this paper provides a literature review on operational water withdrawal and consumption factors for electricity generation technology in China. We observed that 50% of water consumption for electricity generation was for coal power, whereas there was no research on the water consumption intensity of natural gas power generation, and a shortage of studies on water intake during electrical power production. The average water consumption intensity of hydropower is the largest. The results indicate that compared with other fuel types, hydropower is not a sustainable energy with respect to water conservation, and the study of hydropower applications should be improved in China.

ACS Style

Jinjing Gao; Peng Zhao; Hongwei Zhang; Guozhu Mao; Yuan Wang. Operational Water Withdrawal and Consumption Factors for Electricity Generation Technology in China—A Literature Review. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1181 .

AMA Style

Jinjing Gao, Peng Zhao, Hongwei Zhang, Guozhu Mao, Yuan Wang. Operational Water Withdrawal and Consumption Factors for Electricity Generation Technology in China—A Literature Review. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinjing Gao; Peng Zhao; Hongwei Zhang; Guozhu Mao; Yuan Wang. 2018. "Operational Water Withdrawal and Consumption Factors for Electricity Generation Technology in China—A Literature Review." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1181.