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Natural hazards are diverse and uneven in time and space, therefore, understanding its complexity is key to save human lives and conserve natural ecosystems. Reducing the outputs obtained after each modelling analysis is key to present the results for stakeholders, land managers and policymakers. So, the main goal of this survey was to present a method to synthesize three natural hazards in one multi-hazard map and its evaluation for hazard management and land use planning. To test this methodology, we took as study area the Gorganrood Watershed, located in the Golestan Province (Iran). First, an inventory map of three different types of hazards including flood, landslides, and gullies was prepared using field surveys and different official reports. To generate the susceptibility maps, a total of 17 geo-environmental factors were selected as predictors using the MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) machine learning technique. The accuracy of the predictive models was evaluated by drawing receiver operating characteristic-ROC curves and calculating the area under the ROC curve-AUCROC. The MaxEnt model not only implemented superbly in the degree of fitting, but also obtained significant results in predictive performance. Variables importance of the three studied types of hazards showed that river density, distance from streams, and elevation were the most important factors for flood, respectively. Lithological units, elevation, and annual mean rainfall were relevant for detecting landslides. On the other hand, annual mean rainfall, elevation, and lithological units were used for gully erosion mapping in this study area. Finally, by combining the flood, landslides, and gully erosion susceptibility maps, an integrated multi-hazard map was created. The results demonstrated that 60% of the area is subjected to hazards, reaching a proportion of landslides up to 21.2% in the whole territory. We conclude that using this type of multi-hazard map may be a useful tool for local administrators to identify areas susceptible to hazards at large scales as we demonstrated in this research.
Narges Javidan; Ataollah Kavian; Hamid Reza Pourghasemi; Christian Conoscenti; Zeinab Jafarian; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. Evaluation of multi-hazard map produced using MaxEnt machine learning technique. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -20.
AMA StyleNarges Javidan, Ataollah Kavian, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, Christian Conoscenti, Zeinab Jafarian, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. Evaluation of multi-hazard map produced using MaxEnt machine learning technique. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNarges Javidan; Ataollah Kavian; Hamid Reza Pourghasemi; Christian Conoscenti; Zeinab Jafarian; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. 2021. "Evaluation of multi-hazard map produced using MaxEnt machine learning technique." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-20.
Raindrop size, rainfall intensity and runoff discharge affect the detachment and transportation of soil particles. Among these three factors, the rainfall intensity seems to be more important because it can change other two factors. Storm patterns can be determined by changing the rainfall intensity during the storm. Therefore, the objective of this research is to test the influence of storm pattern on runoff, soil erosion and sediment concentration on a rangeland soil slope under field rainfall simulation. Four storm rainfall intensity patterns were selected for examining the effects of variations in storm event characteristics on soil erosion processes. The selected storm patterns were: I (45, 55 and 70 mm h−1); II (45, 70 and 55 mm h−1); III: (70, 55 and 45 mm h−1); and IV (55, 45 and 70 mm h−1). The last pattern is a new one instead of the uniform pattern which has been sufficiently studied in previous researches. The experiments were conducted in field plots (in Kojour watershed, Mazandaran Province, Iran) with an area of one square meter and an constant slope gradient of 18%, surrounded by galvanised sheets. Following the non-uniform prioritization of the storm patterns for the studied variables, time to runoff (I>II>IV>III), runoff volume (III>IV>II>I), sediment concentration (IV>III>I>II) and soil erosion (III>IV>II>I)), it can be generally inferred that each pattern has specific effect on soil erosion processes during a storm. The results of the general linear model (GLM) test indicated that the effects of storm pattern on time to runoff, total runoff volume, runoff coefficient and soil erosion were significant at a level of 99%. The Duncan test showed that the storm patterns can be divided into three groups of III, IV; II; I (for time to runoff), I, II; IV, III (for runoff coefficient), and I; II; IV, III (for runoff volume and soil erosion).
Leila Gholami; Abdulavahed Khaledi Darvishan; Veliber Spalevic; Artemi Cerdà; Ataollah Kavian. Effect of storm pattern on soil erosion in damaged rangeland; field rainfall simulation approach. Journal of Mountain Science 2021, 18, 706 -715.
AMA StyleLeila Gholami, Abdulavahed Khaledi Darvishan, Veliber Spalevic, Artemi Cerdà, Ataollah Kavian. Effect of storm pattern on soil erosion in damaged rangeland; field rainfall simulation approach. Journal of Mountain Science. 2021; 18 (3):706-715.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeila Gholami; Abdulavahed Khaledi Darvishan; Veliber Spalevic; Artemi Cerdà; Ataollah Kavian. 2021. "Effect of storm pattern on soil erosion in damaged rangeland; field rainfall simulation approach." Journal of Mountain Science 18, no. 3: 706-715.
Predicting the effects of land-use (LU) changes and hydrological processes on a rapidly urbanized catchment using the Markov chain and WetSpa models is the main objective of this research. Hourly hydrometeorological data for 2001–2016, land use maps, a digital elevation model (DEM) and soil texture were used as inputs into the models. The simulation results verified some negative impacts of LU changes, such as increases in peak discharge and flow velocity from 2001 to 2032 by 57.1% and 39.4%, respectively. Additionally, the time of concentration decreased from 6 h in 2001 to 5 h in 2016 and to 4 h in 2032. Surface runoff recorded the highest increases by 48.4% and 83.9%, respectively, in 2016 and 2032, compared to 2001. We concluded that the combination of both models is an appropriate tool for predicting the possible effects of LU changes on different hydrological features, which provide vital information for land managers.
Ataollah Kavian; Narges Javidan; Abdolreza Bahrehmand; Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei; Zeinab Hazbavi; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. Assessing the hydrological effects of land-use changes on a catchment using the Markov chain and WetSpa models. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2020, 65, 2604 -2615.
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Narges Javidan, Abdolreza Bahrehmand, Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei, Zeinab Hazbavi, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. Assessing the hydrological effects of land-use changes on a catchment using the Markov chain and WetSpa models. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2020; 65 (15):2604-2615.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Narges Javidan; Abdolreza Bahrehmand; Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei; Zeinab Hazbavi; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. 2020. "Assessing the hydrological effects of land-use changes on a catchment using the Markov chain and WetSpa models." Hydrological Sciences Journal 65, no. 15: 2604-2615.
This study aimed at measuring the effect of vermicompost on soil physical and chemical properties and runoff quality and quantity in agro-ecosystems in Northern Iran. Thus, runoff measurement plots of 1 × 5 m were set up in sloping lands under natural rainfall during 5 months. Runoff quality and quantity, soil properties, and plant growth were measured. This study shows that the amount of runoff water and its quality (sediment yields, nitrate content, pH, and conductivity) were not influenced by the fertilization treatments (vermicompost alone, chemical fertilization alone, or their mixture), except for the first month of the experiment where a lower runoff amount was measured when vermicompost was applied alone. Although no difference in plant growth was found, our results showed a significant improvement of soil properties when vermicompost was used as a fertilizer. Consequently, this study shows that vermicompost can be considered as an alternative application for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and improving soil properties but its impact on plant growth and runoff is limited to the short term.
Maryam Rezaei Pasha; Kaka Shahedi; Qorban Vahabzadeh; Ataollah Kavian; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou; Pascal Jouquet. Effect of Vermicompost on Soil and Runoff Properties in Northern Iran. Compost Science & Utilization 2020, 28, 129 -135.
AMA StyleMaryam Rezaei Pasha, Kaka Shahedi, Qorban Vahabzadeh, Ataollah Kavian, Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou, Pascal Jouquet. Effect of Vermicompost on Soil and Runoff Properties in Northern Iran. Compost Science & Utilization. 2020; 28 (3-4):129-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryam Rezaei Pasha; Kaka Shahedi; Qorban Vahabzadeh; Ataollah Kavian; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou; Pascal Jouquet. 2020. "Effect of Vermicompost on Soil and Runoff Properties in Northern Iran." Compost Science & Utilization 28, no. 3-4: 129-135.
To improve management and conservation in ungauged catchments in northern Iran, we developed regional models to predict annual runoff and discharge using multi-year time series from 20 gauged catchments in Ardabil, Province. We employed correlation, Ward cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to reduce the total parameter set (69 parameters represent catchment geometry, geology, soil, rainfall, and climate) to robust sets for regression analysis. The reduction method based on PCA using non-log-transformed data produced the best results, based on several error metrics (modified Nash Sutcliffe efficiency, R2, root mean squared error, and bias). Important parameters included area and mean annual precipitation, as well as those indicative of catchment shape and geology. Despite excellent ability to simulate mean annual discharge and sediment yield in the 20 catchments, the models performed poorly when applied to estimating year-to-year discharge and sediment yield in individual catchments. Poor prediction likely resulted from (a) rainfall data of insufficient spatial resolution in the large area with greatly varying elevation including mountains; and (b) inability to include data reflecting yearly changes in land-cover/land-use. Nevertheless, the regional models are likely useful for estimating mean runoff and sediment yields in other catchments in the region with similar geology, geomorphology, and climate.
Mohammad Golshan; Ataollah Kavian; Abazar Esmali; Alan D. Ziegler. Runoff and sediment yield modeling in data-sparse catchments in the Garehsoo River basin, northern Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences 2020, 79, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMohammad Golshan, Ataollah Kavian, Abazar Esmali, Alan D. Ziegler. Runoff and sediment yield modeling in data-sparse catchments in the Garehsoo River basin, northern Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2020; 79 (14):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Golshan; Ataollah Kavian; Abazar Esmali; Alan D. Ziegler. 2020. "Runoff and sediment yield modeling in data-sparse catchments in the Garehsoo River basin, northern Iran." Environmental Earth Sciences 79, no. 14: 1-18.
There is an urgent need to implement environmentally friendly agriculture management practices to achieve the Sustainable Goals for Development (SDGs) of the United Nations by 2030. Mediterranean agriculture is characterized by intense and millennia-old tillage management and as a consequence degraded soil. No-Tillage has been widely examined as a solution for soil degradation but No-Tillage relies more on the application of herbicides that reduce plant cover, which in turn enhances soil erosion. However, No-Tillage with weed cover should be researched to promote organic farming and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we compare Tillage against No-Tillage using weed cover as an alternative strategy to reduce soil losses in persimmon plantations, both of them under organic farming management. To achieve these goals, two plots were established at “La Canyadeta” experimental station on 25-years old Persimmon plantations, which are managed with Tillage and No-Tillage for 3 years. A survey of the soil cover, soil properties, runoff generation and initial soil losses using rainfall simulation experiments at 55 mm h−1 in 0.25 m2 plot was carried out. Soils under Tillage are bare (96.7%) in comparison to the No-Tillage (16.17% bare soil), with similar organic matter (1.71 vs. 1.88%) and with lower bulk densities (1.23 vs. 1.37 g cm3). Tillage induces faster ponding (60 vs. 92 s), runoff (90 vs. 320 s) and runoff outlet (200 vs. 70 s). The runoff discharge was 5.57 times higher in the Tillage plots, 8.64 for sediment concentration and 48.4 for soil losses. We conclude that No-tillage shifted the fate of the tilled field after 3 years with the use of weeds as a soil cover conservation strategy. This immediate effect of No-Tillage under organic farming conditions is very promising to achieve the SDGs.
Artemi Cerdà; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Tuğrul Yakupoğlu; Turgay Dindaroğlu; Enric Terol; Gaspar Mora-Navarro; Alireza Arabameri; Maja Radziemska; Agata Novara; Ataollah Kavian; Magdalena Daria Vaverková; Sameh Kotb Abd-Elmabod; Hafiz Mohkum Hammad; Ioannis N. Daliakopoulos. Tillage Versus No-Tillage. Soil Properties and Hydrology in an Organic Persimmon Farm in Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Water 2020, 12, 1539 .
AMA StyleArtemi Cerdà, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Tuğrul Yakupoğlu, Turgay Dindaroğlu, Enric Terol, Gaspar Mora-Navarro, Alireza Arabameri, Maja Radziemska, Agata Novara, Ataollah Kavian, Magdalena Daria Vaverková, Sameh Kotb Abd-Elmabod, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Ioannis N. Daliakopoulos. Tillage Versus No-Tillage. Soil Properties and Hydrology in an Organic Persimmon Farm in Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Water. 2020; 12 (6):1539.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArtemi Cerdà; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Tuğrul Yakupoğlu; Turgay Dindaroğlu; Enric Terol; Gaspar Mora-Navarro; Alireza Arabameri; Maja Radziemska; Agata Novara; Ataollah Kavian; Magdalena Daria Vaverková; Sameh Kotb Abd-Elmabod; Hafiz Mohkum Hammad; Ioannis N. Daliakopoulos. 2020. "Tillage Versus No-Tillage. Soil Properties and Hydrology in an Organic Persimmon Farm in Eastern Iberian Peninsula." Water 12, no. 6: 1539.
Wood‐based mulches are a preferred erosion control material for rehabilitation of degraded lands because they can be made from native wood materials; however, research is needed to verify the effectiveness of new products prior to application. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of two types of native wood strand mulches from Iran (waste byproducts of Alnus glutinosa and Fagus orientalis working) in reducing runoff, soil loss and sediment concentration under laboratory conditions. Towards this goal, rainfall simulations were conducted 27 times using a 50 mm hr‐1 rainfall during 20 min experiments on erosion plots with treatments of different cover percentages (bare, 30%, and 70%) and strand dimensions (16 and 4 cm in length; 1.5 cm wide). The results showed that all strand applications reduced runoff (>12%), soil loss (>47%) and sediment concentration (>44%) compared to the bare plots. The most effective application treatment was a 70% coverage of the 4‐cm strands of either material (p‐value<0.002). The shorter strands were most effective for all hydrological and erosion variables reductions because they maintained more contact with the soil surface during simulated rainfall and then increased the soil retention potential, whereas the longer strands realigned in the direction of flow, thereby limiting their ability to retard flowing water. The small strands also facilitated the creation of micro‐dams that blocked flow and promoted infiltration. Both materials were deemed effective native erosion control products in degraded sites in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran, particularly when small strands were applied at high cover rates.
Ataollah Kavian; Elham Allahi; Alan D. Ziegler; Mohamad Ayob Mohamadi; Seyed Majid Zabihzadeh; Zeinab Hazbavi. Effectiveness of native wood strand mulches for land rehabilitation in Iran under experimental conditions. Land Degradation & Development 2019, 31, 581 -590.
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Elham Allahi, Alan D. Ziegler, Mohamad Ayob Mohamadi, Seyed Majid Zabihzadeh, Zeinab Hazbavi. Effectiveness of native wood strand mulches for land rehabilitation in Iran under experimental conditions. Land Degradation & Development. 2019; 31 (5):581-590.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Elham Allahi; Alan D. Ziegler; Mohamad Ayob Mohamadi; Seyed Majid Zabihzadeh; Zeinab Hazbavi. 2019. "Effectiveness of native wood strand mulches for land rehabilitation in Iran under experimental conditions." Land Degradation & Development 31, no. 5: 581-590.
Soil erosion is a serious problem affecting numerous countries, especially, gully erosion. In the current research, GIS techniques and MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines) algorithm were considered to evaluate gully erosion susceptibility mapping among others. The study was conducted in a specific section of the Gorganroud Watershed in Golestan Province (Northern Iran), covering 2142.64 km2 which is intensely influenced by gully erosion. First, Google Earth images, field surveys, and national reports were used to provide a gully-hedcut evaluation map consisting of 307 gully-hedcut points. Eighteen gully erosion conditioning factors including significant geoenvironmental and morphometric variables were selected as predictors. To model sensitivity of gully erosion, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) was used while the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC), drawing ROC curves, efficiency percent, Yuden index, and kappa were used to evaluate model efficiency. We used two different scenarios of the combination of the number of replications, and sample size, including 90%/10% and 80%/20% with 10 replications, and 70%/30% with five, 10, and 15 replications for preparing gully erosion susceptibility mapping (GESM). Each one involves a various subset of both positive (presence), and negative (absence) cases. Absences were extracted as randomly distributed individual cells. Therefore, the predictive competency of the gully erosion susceptibility model and the robustness of the procedure were evaluated through these datasets. Results did not show considerable variation in the accuracy of the model, with altering the percentage of calibration to validation samples and number of model replications. Given the accuracy, the MARS algorithm performed excellently in predictive performance. The combination of 80%/20% using all statistical measures including SST (0.88), SPF (0.83), E (0.79), Kappa (0.58), Robustness (0.01), and AUC (0.84) had the highest performance compared to the other combinations. Consequently, it was found that the performance of MARS for modelling gully erosion susceptibility is quite consistent while changes in the testing and validation specimens are executed. The intense acceptable prediction capability of the MARS model verifies the reliability of the method employed for use of this model elsewhere and gully erosion studies since they are qualified to quickly generating precise and exact GESMs (gully erosion sensitivity maps) to make decisions and management edaphic and hydrologic features.
Narges Javidan; Ataollah Kavian; Hamid Reza Pourghasemi; Christian Conoscenti; Zeinab Jafarian. Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping Using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines—Replications and Sample Size Scenarios. Water 2019, 11, 2319 .
AMA StyleNarges Javidan, Ataollah Kavian, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, Christian Conoscenti, Zeinab Jafarian. Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping Using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines—Replications and Sample Size Scenarios. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2319.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNarges Javidan; Ataollah Kavian; Hamid Reza Pourghasemi; Christian Conoscenti; Zeinab Jafarian. 2019. "Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping Using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines—Replications and Sample Size Scenarios." Water 11, no. 11: 2319.
The deterioration of river quality has already become a growing threat to the health of aquatic environments around the world. Hence, a sound temporal and spatial monitoring of water and sediment pollution in rivers is required for effective watershed management. The variability of water parameters (e.g., discharge, velocity, temperature, DO, pH, turbidity, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc.) and suspended sediment-associated metals (e.g., Ag, Al, Cu, Na, Pb, Mn, Mg, Fe, etc.) has been analyzed in the Zanjanrud River. The study period covered from October 2015 to March 2017 including dry and wet seasons at five sampling sites along the main stretch of the river with a bi-weekly frequency of sampling. Principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed to reveal links between variables. The Geochemical Abundance Index (GAI), Accumulation Factor (AF) and Modified River Recovery Capacity (MRRC) were also calculated. The results revealed that the river is highly influenced by effluents from residential, industrial and agricultural activities. The GAI index indicated contamination by Cd, Cu, P and Zn immediately after the discharge from Zanjan city during the monitoring period. The AF showed only slight differences in metal levels in suspended sediments between the head and tail sites of the study river. The PCA results indicated linkages among several metals and sites and also pointed out to the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from residential and industrial areas on the water quality of the river. A considerable improvement of several environmental parameters along the river flow from the first discharge point to the tail site was observed. Our results suggest that efficient sewage treatment systems and a control over agricultural diffuse pollution near the polluting sites will considerably improve the water and sediment quality of the Zanjanrud.
Zahra Abdollahi; Ataollah Kavian; Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi; Alla Khosrovyan; Angel DelValls. Identifying environmental risk associated with anthropogenic activities in Zanjanrud River, Iran, using an integrated approach. CATENA 2019, 183, 104156 .
AMA StyleZahra Abdollahi, Ataollah Kavian, Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi, Alla Khosrovyan, Angel DelValls. Identifying environmental risk associated with anthropogenic activities in Zanjanrud River, Iran, using an integrated approach. CATENA. 2019; 183 ():104156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahra Abdollahi; Ataollah Kavian; Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi; Alla Khosrovyan; Angel DelValls. 2019. "Identifying environmental risk associated with anthropogenic activities in Zanjanrud River, Iran, using an integrated approach." CATENA 183, no. : 104156.
Some organic and inorganic conditioners have extraordinary potential in reducing runoff and soil erosion. On the other hand, the initial soil moisture is one of the most efficient factors in changing runoff and soil erosion. In this work, the applicability of biochar from sewage sludge at three concentrations (0.4 (B1), 0.8 (B2) and 1.6 (B3) t ha−1) in controlling erosion of soils with four initial moisture contents (10 (M1), 15 (M2), 20 (M3), and 30 (M4) percent) was conducted under rainfall simulator in a lab experiment. The results showed that biochar at all treatments had a suitable role in soil and water conservation by increasing the time to runoff, reducing the runoff and soil erosion at all the moisture treatments. The decreased runoff coefficient in initial soil moistures of 10, 15, 20 and 30% was 40, 55, 24 and 8% (for B1), 52, 63, 36 and 24% (for B2) and 23, 27, 46 and 59% (for B3), respectively; the soil erosion rate for the same initial soil moistures was 80, 79, 71 and 83% (for B1), 89, 82, 77 and 86% (for B2) and 91, 85, 85 and 88% (for B3), respectively. The maximum reduction in soil erosion was observed in 1.6 t ha−1 biochar and 10% moisture. Therefore, the application of this biochar is affordable, useful and safe method in reducing runoff, soil erosion and sediment concentration as well as decreasing the environmental pollutants.
Leila Gholami; Nabiyeh Karimi; Ataollah Kavian. Soil and water conservation using biochar and various soil moisture in laboratory conditions. CATENA 2019, 182, 104151 .
AMA StyleLeila Gholami, Nabiyeh Karimi, Ataollah Kavian. Soil and water conservation using biochar and various soil moisture in laboratory conditions. CATENA. 2019; 182 ():104151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeila Gholami; Nabiyeh Karimi; Ataollah Kavian. 2019. "Soil and water conservation using biochar and various soil moisture in laboratory conditions." CATENA 182, no. : 104151.
The Simulator of Artificial RaInfall (SARI) rainfall simulator (RS) is a newly designed, constructed and calibrated, portable, two-nozzle RS with low water consumption, accurate measurement, easy management and low cost. The raindrop-size distribution, velocity and mean rainfall intensity were measured. The best rainfall spatial distribution was achieved with nozzles separated by 50, 60 and 70 cm, and with oscillation angles of 30, 45 and 60°, at a pressure of 60 kPa. The uniformity coefficient varied from 57 to 61% and rainfall intensity from 48 to 101 mm h−1. The raindrop diameter varied from 0.2 to 9.9 mm. The raindrop velocity at the optimum pressure of 60 kPa, which was measured with high-speed photography, ranged from 1.1 to 7.1 m s−1. The comparison with other RSs shows that the SARI rainfall simulator is a suitable apparatus to research soil erosion and runoff generation under laboratory and field conditions.
Ataollah Kavian; Maziar Mohammadi; Artemi Cerdà; Moghadaseh Fallah; Leila Gholami. Calibration of the SARI portable rainfall simulator for field and laboratory experiments. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2019, 64, 350 -360.
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Maziar Mohammadi, Artemi Cerdà, Moghadaseh Fallah, Leila Gholami. Calibration of the SARI portable rainfall simulator for field and laboratory experiments. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2019; 64 (3):350-360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Maziar Mohammadi; Artemi Cerdà; Moghadaseh Fallah; Leila Gholami. 2019. "Calibration of the SARI portable rainfall simulator for field and laboratory experiments." Hydrological Sciences Journal 64, no. 3: 350-360.
The drastic growth of population in highly industrialized urban areas, as well as fossil fuel use, are increasing levels of airborne pollutants and enhancing acid rain. In rapidly developing countries such as Iran, the occurrence of acid rain has also increased. Acid rain is a driving factor of erosion due to the destructive effects on biota and aggregate stability; however, little is known about its impact on specific rates of erosion at the pedon scale. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of acid rain at pH levels of 5.25, 4.25 and 3.75 for rainfall intensities of 40, 60 and 80 mm h‐1 on initial soil erosion processes under dry and saturated soil conditions using rainfall simulations. The results were compared using a two‐way ANOVA and Duncan tests and showed that initial soil erosion rates with acidic rain and non‐acidic rain under dry soil conditions were significantly different. The highest levels of soil particle loss due to splash effects in all rainfall intensities were observed with the most acidic rain (pH= 3.75), reaching maximum values of 16 g m‐2 min‐1. The lowest levels of particle losses were observed in the control plot where non‐acidic rain was used, with values ranging from 3.8 to 8.1 g m‐2 min‐1. Similarly, under saturated soil conditions, the lowest level of soil particle loss was observed in the control plot and the highest peaks of soil loss were observed for the most acidic rains (pH= 3.75 and pH= 4.25), reaching maximum average values of 40 g m‐2 min‐1. However, for saturated soils with acidic water, but with non‐acidic rain, the highest soil particle loss was observed for the control plot for all the rainfall intensities. In conclusion, acidic rain has a negative impact on soils, which can be more intense with a concomitant increase in rainfall intensity. Rapid solutions, therefore, need to be found to reduce the emission of pollutants into the air, otherwise, rainfall erosivity may drastically increase.
Ataollah Kavian; Aazam Alipour; Karim Soleimani; Leila Gholami; Pete Smith; Jesús Rodrigo‐Comino. The increase of rainfall erosivity and initial soil erosion processes due to rainfall acidification. Hydrological Processes 2018, 33, 261 -270.
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Aazam Alipour, Karim Soleimani, Leila Gholami, Pete Smith, Jesús Rodrigo‐Comino. The increase of rainfall erosivity and initial soil erosion processes due to rainfall acidification. Hydrological Processes. 2018; 33 (2):261-270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Aazam Alipour; Karim Soleimani; Leila Gholami; Pete Smith; Jesús Rodrigo‐Comino. 2018. "The increase of rainfall erosivity and initial soil erosion processes due to rainfall acidification." Hydrological Processes 33, no. 2: 261-270.
The main objective of this research was to introduce a novel machine learning algorithm of alternating decision tree (ADTree) based on the multiboost (MB), bagging (BA), rotation forest (RF) and random subspace (RS) ensemble algorithms under two scenarios of different sample sizes and raster resolutions for spatial prediction of shallow landslides around Bijar City, Kurdistan Province, Iran. The evaluation of modeling process was checked by some statistical measures and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results show that, for combination of sample sizes of 60%/40% and 70%/30% with a raster resolution of 10 m, the RS model, while, for 80%/20% and 90%/10% with a raster resolution of 20 m, the MB model obtained a high goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy. The RS-ADTree and MB-ADTree ensemble models outperformed the ADTree model in two scenarios. Overall, MB-ADTree in sample size of 80%/20% with a resolution of 20 m (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.942) and sample size of 60%/40% with a resolution of 10 m (AUC = 0.845) had the highest and lowest prediction accuracy, respectively. The findings confirm that the newly proposed models are very promising alternative tools to assist planners and decision makers in the task of managing landslide prone areas.
Ataollah Shirzadi; Karim Soliamani; Mahmood Habibnejhad; Ataollah Kavian; Kamran Chapi; Himan Shahabi; Wei Chen; Khabat Khosravi; Binh Thai Pham; Biswajeet Pradhan; Anuar Ahmad; Baharin Bin Ahmad; Dieu Tien Bui. Novel GIS Based Machine Learning Algorithms for Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Mapping. Sensors 2018, 18, 3777 .
AMA StyleAtaollah Shirzadi, Karim Soliamani, Mahmood Habibnejhad, Ataollah Kavian, Kamran Chapi, Himan Shahabi, Wei Chen, Khabat Khosravi, Binh Thai Pham, Biswajeet Pradhan, Anuar Ahmad, Baharin Bin Ahmad, Dieu Tien Bui. Novel GIS Based Machine Learning Algorithms for Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Mapping. Sensors. 2018; 18 (11):3777.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Shirzadi; Karim Soliamani; Mahmood Habibnejhad; Ataollah Kavian; Kamran Chapi; Himan Shahabi; Wei Chen; Khabat Khosravi; Binh Thai Pham; Biswajeet Pradhan; Anuar Ahmad; Baharin Bin Ahmad; Dieu Tien Bui. 2018. "Novel GIS Based Machine Learning Algorithms for Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Mapping." Sensors 18, no. 11: 3777.
The size of the drops determines soil erosion and runoff rates, and then the fate of ecosystems. Various raindrop measurement techniques and tools have been developed to determine natural and simulated raindrop size distributions and mean drop size. There is a need to improve the procedure to determine the raindrop properties, and this is why we develop a new technique to analyze drop size distribution and fall velocity. For this purpose a rainfall simulator with two oscillating Veejet 80100 nozzles in laboratory condition, and high speed imaging technique and edge detection approach in image processing was applied to identify and measure drop size and calculate drop velocity. The results showed that the rainfall simulator was able to create drops with diameter in the range from 0.2 to 9.9 mm. Fall velocity ranged from 0.8 to 9.2 m/s for different diameter classes in the height of 0.5 m above the ground. The results indicate that the low-cost technique developed in this paper had high ability to automatically and rapidly identify raindrops characteristics with high accuracy. This technique can help to calibrate other rainfall simulators, but also to characterize natural rainfall events in different regions, which is a worldwide need due to the lack of information, and the importance of the raindrop characteristic to characterize and model the soil erosion processes.
Ataollah Kavian; Maziar Mohammadi; Artemi Cerda; Moghadaseh Fallah; Zahra Abdollahi. Simulated raindrop's characteristic measurements. A new approach of image processing tested under laboratory rainfall simulation. CATENA 2018, 167, 190 -197.
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Maziar Mohammadi, Artemi Cerda, Moghadaseh Fallah, Zahra Abdollahi. Simulated raindrop's characteristic measurements. A new approach of image processing tested under laboratory rainfall simulation. CATENA. 2018; 167 ():190-197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Maziar Mohammadi; Artemi Cerda; Moghadaseh Fallah; Zahra Abdollahi. 2018. "Simulated raindrop's characteristic measurements. A new approach of image processing tested under laboratory rainfall simulation." CATENA 167, no. : 190-197.
Soil and water conservation in natural and cultivated areas is a major concern for humankind. However, there are severe problems with degraded hillslopes due to bare soils in northern Iran, which are one of the most important factors driving land degradation processes. Subsequently, soil erosion, pollutant transport, and/or nutrient impoverishment are affecting large territories; therefore, rapid and inexpensive soil conservation measures need to be implemented. The use of vegetative buffer strips could be an effective strategy to reduce pollutant transport as well as soil erosion. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the possible efficiency of two different vegetative buffer strips composed of vetiver‐grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) and native turf‐grass (Festuca arundinacea) at reducing runoff and soil losses as well as nitrate transport on a representative degraded hillslope with bare soils in Mazandaran, Iran. Twelve 10 m2 experimental plots were tested over one year using a runoff simulator that produced overland flow that corresponded to the 25 and 100‐year return period rainfall events. The plots with bare soils had the highest runoff volumes (30.5 and 55.4 l m‐2), sediment concentrations (101.2 and 430.6 g l‐1) and nitrate concentrations (10.4 mg l‐1 and 37.6 mg l‐1). Vetiver was the most useful tool to reduce runoff, soil loss and nitrate concentration, with values of 13.4 and 28.6 l m‐2, 13.4 and 90.9 g l‐1, and 2.9 and 16.4 mg l‐1, respectively. Of the treatments investigated, vetiver provided the most rapid cover and was the most efficient at preventing soil erosion and nitrate transport directly after plantation.
Ataollah Kavian; Iman Saleh; Mahmoud Habibnejad; Eric C. Brevik; Zeinab Jafarian; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. Effectiveness of vegetative buffer strips at reducing runoff, soil erosion, and nitrate transport during degraded hillslope restoration in northern Iran. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 29, 3194 -3203.
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Iman Saleh, Mahmoud Habibnejad, Eric C. Brevik, Zeinab Jafarian, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. Effectiveness of vegetative buffer strips at reducing runoff, soil erosion, and nitrate transport during degraded hillslope restoration in northern Iran. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 29 (9):3194-3203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Iman Saleh; Mahmoud Habibnejad; Eric C. Brevik; Zeinab Jafarian; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. 2018. "Effectiveness of vegetative buffer strips at reducing runoff, soil erosion, and nitrate transport during degraded hillslope restoration in northern Iran." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 9: 3194-3203.
Vegetation cover change in all the river basins leads to the changes of hydrologic response, soil erosion and sediment dynamics characteristics. Those changes are often viewed as main cause of anthropogenic and accelerated erosion rates in short term and one of the main reasons of climate change in long term. The effects of vegetation cover changes on various parts of water balance and hydrological cycle has to be deeply studied because of its important role on mankind future. The aim of present research was therefore to simulate the responses of soil erosion processes by using a process-oriented soil erosion model IntErO, with the different settings of land use for the years 1977, 1987, 1997, 2006 (2007) and 2016 (2017) in Orahovacka Rijeka watershed; a pilot river basin of the Polimlje Region for the northeastern part of Montenegro. For the current state of land use, calculated peak discharge for the Orahovacka Rijeka was 174-175 m3 s-1 (the incidence of 100 years) and there is a possibility for large flood waves to appear in the studied basin. Real soil losses, Gyear, were calculated on 2614-2921 m3 year-1, specific 229-256 m3 km-2 year-1 (1977-2017). The value of Z coefficient range from 0.444 to 0.478 and indicates that the river basin belongs to III destruction category. The strength of the erosion process is medium, and according to the erosion type, it is surface erosion. According to our analysis the land use changes in the last 40 years influenced the increase of the soil erosion intensity for 11% in the study watershed. Further studies should be focused on the detailed analysis of the land use changes trends with the other river basins at the national level, closely following responses of soil erosion to the changed land use structure. The results and approach also should be used by policymakers in all national natural resources organizations to highlight the role of management.
Gojko Nikolic; Velibor Spalevic; Milic Curovic; Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan; Goran Skataric; Milos Pajic; Ataollah Kavian; Vjekoslav Tanaskovik. Variability of Soil Erosion Intensity Due to Vegetation Cover Changes: Case Study of Orahovacka Rijeka, Montenegro. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 2018, 47, 237 -248.
AMA StyleGojko Nikolic, Velibor Spalevic, Milic Curovic, Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan, Goran Skataric, Milos Pajic, Ataollah Kavian, Vjekoslav Tanaskovik. Variability of Soil Erosion Intensity Due to Vegetation Cover Changes: Case Study of Orahovacka Rijeka, Montenegro. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2018; 47 (1):237-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGojko Nikolic; Velibor Spalevic; Milic Curovic; Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan; Goran Skataric; Milos Pajic; Ataollah Kavian; Vjekoslav Tanaskovik. 2018. "Variability of Soil Erosion Intensity Due to Vegetation Cover Changes: Case Study of Orahovacka Rijeka, Montenegro." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 1: 237-248.
Soil erosion is a worldwide threat that results in soil degradation, agriculture abandonment and crop yield reduction. There is a need to find methods to survey soil erosion rates in order to improve and develop sustainable land planning. The present study utilizes new approaches based on the Fuzzy set both in designing the problem (through the Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, Fuzzy DEMATEL) and in prioritizing the effective factors to mitigate soil erosion (using Fuzzy Analytical Network Process, FANP). This study is first to apply these methods to soil erosion. A set of geo‐environmental factors influencing soil erosion were characterized to evaluate the potential risk of soil erosion in the Nor‐rood watershed in Iran. The layers of information were developed using expert knowledge, and a network structure was designed by the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. Then, the weights of layers were calculated by the FANP method by considering the internal and external interaction between factors. The erosion susceptibility map was produced by combining layers based on their weights in a GIS platform and was validated using erosion occurrences recorded in field surveys. Results revealed that FANP model accuracy is high (83.4% accuracy) for the study area. We found that vegetation, drainage density, landuse and soil erodibility are the key parameters to explain the soil erosion rates. The soil erosion risk map developed by the FANP method provides useful information for sustainable planning and risk mitigation, and can be used in a data‐poor environment.
Farzaneh Sajedi-Hosseini; Bahram Choubin; Karim Solaimani; Artemi Cerdà; Ataollah Kavian. Spatial prediction of soil erosion susceptibility using a fuzzy analytical network process: Application of the fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory approach. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 29, 3092 -3103.
AMA StyleFarzaneh Sajedi-Hosseini, Bahram Choubin, Karim Solaimani, Artemi Cerdà, Ataollah Kavian. Spatial prediction of soil erosion susceptibility using a fuzzy analytical network process: Application of the fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory approach. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 29 (9):3092-3103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarzaneh Sajedi-Hosseini; Bahram Choubin; Karim Solaimani; Artemi Cerdà; Ataollah Kavian. 2018. "Spatial prediction of soil erosion susceptibility using a fuzzy analytical network process: Application of the fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory approach." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 9: 3092-3103.
This research surveyed the effects of land use changes on flow nitrate pollution in the Talar River (northern Iran), using Landsat images of 1991 and 2013 and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The results indicated that forest areas decreased by 14.9% and irrigated crops, dry land farming areas, range lands and residential areas increased by 46.8%, 31.1%, 4.7% and 17.5%, respectively. To calibrate and validate the studied period, the Nash Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were applied, ranging from 0.57 to 0.75 and from 0.62 to 0.76 for flow simulation and 0.84 and 0.63 and 0.75 and 0.83 for nitrate simulation, respectively. The results of land use scenarios indicated that respective water flow and nitrate loads increased by 34.4% and 42.2% in 1991–2013 and may even increase by 42.3% and 55.9% in the simulated period of 2013–2050 in all sub-basins. It is likely that the main reason for these results was due to the increase in agricultural activities and the decrease in forestry areas. Our findings showed the useful combination of modelling techniques (land cover changes and SWAT) to develop valuable maps able to design correct land management plans and nature-based solutions for water quality of runoff water harvesting systems in the future.
Ataollah Kavian; Maziar Mohammadi; Leila Gholami; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Effects of Land Use Changes on Runoff and Nitrate Loads in the Talar River. Water 2018, 10, 445 .
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Maziar Mohammadi, Leila Gholami, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Effects of Land Use Changes on Runoff and Nitrate Loads in the Talar River. Water. 2018; 10 (4):445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Maziar Mohammadi; Leila Gholami; Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. 2018. "Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Effects of Land Use Changes on Runoff and Nitrate Loads in the Talar River." Water 10, no. 4: 445.
Soil erosion is one of the key challenges in soil and water conservation. Vegetation that covers soil and organic and inorganic mulch is very useful for the control of erosion processes. This study examined treatment with wheat residual (as agriculture mulch) on infiltration, time to runoff, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion processes. The study has been conducted for sandy-loam soil taken from summer rangeland (Northern Iran) with simulated rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm h-1. The experiment was conducted in slopes of 30% in three replications with two amounts of wheat residual of 50 and 90 %. The results showed that conservation percent of soil erosion for wheat residual 50 and 90% was 61.68 and 73.25%, respectively (in rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1). Also, the conservation percent of soil erosion for wheat residual of 50 and 90% cover was 70.68 and 90.55, respectively (in rainfall intensity of 100 mm h-1). It was concluded that the conservation treatments could reduce runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion and increase the time to runoff and infiltration coefficient. This effect was significant on time for infiltration, sediment concentration and soil erosion variables (R2=0.99), time to runoff and runoff coefficient variables (R2=0.95). The interaction effects of rainfall intensity and soil conservation was significant for sediment concentration and soil erosion variables (R2=0.99).
Ataollah Kavian; Leila Gholami; Maziar Mohammadi; Velibor Spalevic; Moghadeseh Falah Soraki. Impact of Wheat Residue on Soil Erosion Processes. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 2018, 46, 553 -562.
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Leila Gholami, Maziar Mohammadi, Velibor Spalevic, Moghadeseh Falah Soraki. Impact of Wheat Residue on Soil Erosion Processes. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2018; 46 (2):553-562.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Leila Gholami; Maziar Mohammadi; Velibor Spalevic; Moghadeseh Falah Soraki. 2018. "Impact of Wheat Residue on Soil Erosion Processes." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 2: 553-562.
Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental issues in the world. The use of vegetative buffer strips is an effective strategy to reduce surface water pollutions as well as soil erosion. The present research has been conducted with aim to study the efficiency of buffer strips in runoff volume and sediment control using experimental plots. In this regard, twelve experimental plots with the dimensions of 1 m × 10 m were provided, and runoff samples were collected monthly to measure runoff volume and sediment. Vetiver grass and tall fescue were used as the plant species of the studied vegetative buffer strips. It was found that, vegetative buffer strips reduced the runoff volume up to 97% and sediment concentration up to 96%. Vetiver grass showed a high efficiency in runoff and sediment control; but, the maximum efficiency is achieved when this species is used along with a plant similar to the tall fescue in terms of density and uniformity. Also, periodic cutting the plants and cleaning the buffer strips can be considered as effective strategies to prevent vegetative buffer strips acting as the source of sediment.
Ataollah Kavian; Iman Saleh; Mahmoud Habibnejad; Zeinab Jafarian. Application of Vegetative Buffer Strips Under Natural Rainfall to Conserve Soil and Water. Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 2018, 64, 17 -27.
AMA StyleAtaollah Kavian, Iman Saleh, Mahmoud Habibnejad, Zeinab Jafarian. Application of Vegetative Buffer Strips Under Natural Rainfall to Conserve Soil and Water. Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo). 2018; 64 (1):17-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtaollah Kavian; Iman Saleh; Mahmoud Habibnejad; Zeinab Jafarian. 2018. "Application of Vegetative Buffer Strips Under Natural Rainfall to Conserve Soil and Water." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 64, no. 1: 17-27.