SETD2 belongs to the family of histone methyltransferase proteins and has been associated with three nosologically distinct entities with different clinical and molecular features: Luscan–Lumish syndrome (LLS), intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 70 (MRD70), and Rabin–Pappas syndrome (RAPAS). LLS [MIM #616831] is an overgrowth disorder with multisystem involvement including intellectual disability, speech delay, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), macrocephaly, tall stature, and motor delay. RAPAS [MIM #6201551] is a recently reported multisystemic disorder characterized by severely impaired global and intellectual development, hypotonia, feeding difficulties with failure to thrive, microcephaly, and dysmorphic facial features. Other neurologic findings may include seizures, hearing loss, ophthalmologic defects, and brain imaging abnormalities. There is variable involvement of other organ systems, including skeletal, genitourinary, cardiac, and potentially endocrine. Three patients who carried the missense variant p.Arg1740Gln in SETD2 were reported with a moderately impaired intellectual disability, speech difficulties, and behavioral abnormalities. More variable findings included hypotonia and dysmorphic features. Due to the differences with the two previous phenotypes, this association was then named intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 70 [MIM 620157]. These three disorders seem to be allelic and are caused either by loss-of-function, gain-of-function, or missense variants in the SETD2 gene. Here we describe 18 new patients with variants in SETD2, most of them with the LLS phenotype, and reviewed 33 additional patients with variants in SETD2 that have been previously reported in the scientific literature. This article offers an expansion of the number of reported individuals with LLS and highlights the clinical features and the similarities and differences among the three phenotypes associated with SETD2.

Objective: Determine the prevalence and compare some genetic markers involved in addictive behavior in a group of addicts to the derivative of coca (cocaine/crack) or heroin and a control group of non-addicted people matched for gender, age, and ethnicity. Methods: A 120 addicts and 120 non-addicts Colombian male were surveyed and genotyped for 18 polymorphismof the OPRM1, DRD2, DRD4, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, ABCB1, DβH and CYP2B6 genes. For allele marker identification, mini-sequencing, and fragment multiplex PCR techniques, the ethnicity of cases and controls was analyzed with 61 AIMs. Results: The age of onset use of heroin or coca derivatives (cocaine/crack) was 16.5±6 yrs, and 99.2% of them consume several illicit drugs. It showed that controls and addicts belong to the same ethnic group. Significant differences between addicts and controls concerning schooling, marital status, social security, family, history of substance abuse (pT ABCB1 gene (p= 0.001)were found. Conclusion: The present results indicate that the VNTR-6R polymorphism of the gene SLC6A3 and the genotype 3435CC in the ABCB1 gene are both associated with addictive behavior to heroin or cocaine.

Como Colombia son escasos.Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de anomalías congénitas en el departamento de Risaralda, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron los neonatos con defectos estructurales y funcionales entre junio de 2010 y diciembre de 2013, cuyos casos fueron notificados al Instituto Nacional de Salud por ser de interés en salud pública. Se compararon con los nacidos en el mismo periodo en una clínica de la región inscrita en el Estudio Colaborativo de Malformaciones Congénitas. Los datos se analizaron con el programa Stata 10®.Resultados. La prevalencia entre los nacidos vivos en el periodo de estudio fue de nueve casos por cada 1.000 recién nacidos en el departamento. En la clínica inscrita en el Estudio Colaborativo de Malformaciones Congénitas, se encontró una prevalencia de 34 casos por cada 1.000 nacimientos; el primer lugar lo ocuparon las cardiopatías, seguidas por el labio y paladar hendido, los defectos de la pared abdominal (no especificados), la displasia esquelética, la hidrocefalia, la polidactilia y el síndrome de Down.Conclusión. El establecimiento de una línea de base sobre la prevalencia de los defectos congénitos en Risaralda es de gran utilidad para la adopción de políticas preventivas que lleven a la disminución de la incidencia y de la gravedad de las discapacidades; la inclusión de los hospitales materno-infantiles en la red del Estudio Colaborativo de Malformaciones Congénitas mejora el registro nacional y la notificación de los defectos congénitos.

Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.

Introducción. La atrofia muscular espinal es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa huérfana de origen genético que afecta las neuronas motoras del asta anterior de la médula espinal, y produce atrofia y debilidad muscular. En Colombia, son pocos los estudios publicados sobre la enfermedad y no hay ninguno con análisis funcional.Objetivo. Caracterizar clínica y funcionalmente una serie de casos de atrofia muscular espinal del centro-occidente colombiano.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo transversal, entre el 2007 y el 2020, de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y molecular de atrofia muscular espinal que consultaron en el centro de atención. La evaluación funcional se realizó con las escalas Hammersmith y Chop Intend. En la sistematización de los datos, se empleó el programa Epi-Info, versión 7.0.Resultados. Se analizaron 14 pacientes: 8 mujeres y 6 hombres. La atrofia muscular espinal más prevalente fue la de tipo II, la cual se presentó en 10 casos. Se encontró variabilidad fenotípica en términos de funcionalidad en algunos pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal de tipo II, cinco de los cuales lograron alcanzar la marcha. La estimación de la supervivencia fue de 28,6 años.Conclusiones. Los hallazgos en el grupo de pacientes analizados evidenciaron que los puntajes de la escala de Hammersmith revisada y expandida, concordaron con la gravedad de la enfermedad.