Background/Objectives: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often face challenges in maintaining oral hygiene due to sensory sensitivities, behavioral difficulties, and limited access to specialized dental care. This study aimed to assess the oral hygiene status of children with ASD and compare it with neurotypical peers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 74 children with ASD and 74 neurotypical children. Dental exams measured oral hygiene and caries prevalence using the DMFT/dmft, Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), and Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI). Tooth brushing frequency and dental visits were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Children with ASD had significantly poorer oral hygiene and higher caries rates compared to controls. Boys with ASD had higher DMFT scores, indicating more caries. Additionally, ASD children brushed their teeth less often and had fewer dental visits. Preventive treatments were underutilized in this group despite a higher need. Conclusions: Children with ASD face notable oral health challenges, including poor hygiene, higher caries prevalence, and limited preventive care. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions, improved parental education, and specialized dental care strategies for this population.

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often struggle with dental care due to sensory sensitivities and behavioral issues, increasing their risk for oral health problems. Adaptation strategies such as visual aids, video modeling, and sensory-adapted environments aim to improve their dental experiences. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines using the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Of the 1072 records screened, nine RCTs were included in the analysis. Studies included children with ASD under 18 years and compared dental adaptation techniques with traditional care. The risk of bias and study quality were assessed. The quality of evidence for the results was determined using the GRADE tool. Results: Nine RCTs with sample sizes ranging from 25 to 138 participants showed significant improvements in oral hygiene, reduced anxiety, and increased cooperation. Video modeling and sensory-adapted environments were particularly effective in lowering distress during dental visits. Conclusions: Dental adaptation strategies, especially video modeling and sensory-adapted environments, effectively improve oral health outcomes and reduce anxiety in children with ASD. More research is needed to explore the long-term effects and include children with severe ASD.

Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a higher prevalence of oral health problems, including parafunctional habits and malocclusions, which may lead to increased orthodontic treatment needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate orthodontic disorders and treatment requirements in children with ASD compared to their neurotypical peers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 148 children aged 3–12 years, including 74 children with ASD and 74 controls matched for age and sex. Data were collected via caregiver questionnaires and clinical dental examinations. Malocclusions and orthodontic treatment requirements were assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), including both the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC). Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U tests, Student’s t-tests, and effect size calculations, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Children with ASD exhibited significantly higher orthodontic treatment needs compared to controls, with elevated scores in both IOTN-DHC (p < 0.001) and IOTN-AC (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed for the mean overjet or overbite between groups. Gender analysis revealed that boys with ASD had significantly higher scores in both IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC, while girls with ASD differed from controls only in IOTN-AC. Conclusions: Children with ASD are at increased risk for orthodontic treatment, particularly for both health and aesthetic needs, with boys showing the most pronounced disparities. These findings highlight the importance of early orthodontic assessment and tailored preventive strategies in this population.