Global climatic change, as defined by the U.S. Global Change Research Act of 1990 (GCRA), “means changes in the global environment (including alterations in climate, land productivity, oceans or other water resources, atmospheric chemistry, and ecological systems) that may alter the capacity of the Earth to sustain life”. Climatic changes are the most drastic variables interacting with all live aspects of the world's development equation. Global warming, melting glaciers, sea level rise with increased coastal erosions, increased rate of lake evaporation, green house effects, increased ocean acidity, increased rates of biological invasions and deteriorated biodiversity are the interacting variables. There is a very clear fact that climatic change is not a country made product, however, it is a trans-continental issue. The abrupt surge in the catastrophic consequences of climatic changes was primarily derived from the hydrologic changes in global water that gradually moved forward toward the land. This fact puts the aquatic species on the top list of the most impacted creatures. As an ideal example for the regional impacts of global climatic changes, the coastal zones of the Levantine Mediterranean Sea at the basins of countries like Egypt, Israel and Lebanon are on an ongoing process of continuous coastal land erosions with subsequent fisheries recession due to critical damage of the breeding habitats of the native fishes at such pristine areas of the world. Further, the historical opening of Suez Canal in 1869 was a triggering force behind the development of many ecological changes in the Levantine Mediterranean as well as the Egyptian territories from the Red Sea basin. Such climatic changes have favoured the move of some invasive species like Rabbit fish and Erythrean mytilid mussel from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea with their consequent huge negative impacts on the native biodiversity of the southeast Mediterranean. Other detrimental factors that will ultimately lead to great impact on the aquatic biodiversity are the inland aquaculture, eutrophication; aquatic habitat destruction and fragmentation. Thus, without a real creative international initiative to save the world's ecosystem from the colossal destructive effects of climatic changes, there will be possible endangering effects on all living creatures on planet earth

In 2003, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) emerged in the Laurentian Great Lakes causing serious losses in a number of ecologically and recreationally important fish species. Within six years, despite concerted managerial preventive measures, the virus spread into the five Great Lakes and to a number of inland waterbodies. In response to this emerging threat, cooperative efforts between the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MI DNR), the Michigan State University Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (MSU-AAHL), and the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (USDA-APHIS) were focused on performing a series of general and VHSV-targeted surveillances to determine the extent of virus trafficking in the State of Michigan. Herein we describe six years (2005–2010) of testing, covering hundreds of sites throughout Michigan’s Upper and Lower Peninsulas. A total of 96,228 fish representing 73 species were checked for lesions suggestive of VHSV and their internal organs tested for the presence of VHSV using susceptible cell lines. Of the 1,823 cases tested, 30 cases from 19 fish species tested positive for VHSV by tissue culture and were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene sequence analyses of all VHSV isolates retrieved in Michigan demonstrated that they belong to the emerging sublineage “b” of the North American VHSV genotype IV. These findings underscore the complexity of VHSV ecology in the Great Lakes basin and the critical need for rigorous legislation and regulatory guidelines in order to reduce the virus spread within and outside of the Laurentian Great Lakes watershed.

Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahemolyticus and Photobacterium damselae subsp damselae were isolated during recurrent episodes of mass mortalities among different stages of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The pathogens were recovered from the external/internal lesions of a total of 320 seeds, juvenile and adult fishes from the period of February 2013 through August 2013. Two hundred and sixty four bacterial isolates were retrieved and presumptively identified using morpho-chemical characterization and API®20NE. However, definitive molecular confirmation of V. alginolyticus was obtained through implementing collagenase gene based regular PCR technique. The total prevalence of V. alginolyticus, V. parahemolyticus and Photobacterium damselae subsp damselae among naturally infected Gilthead seabream and European seabass was 82.19%, 87.28% 10.27%, 6.79% and 7.54%, 5.93% respectively. Antibiogram has revealed that isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid while resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and lincomycin