To assess satisfaction and perspectives of adult hemodialysis (HD) patients on different vascular access (VA) types (AVF, AVG, CVC) by synthesizing quantitative studies using validated questionnaires, focusing on overall satisfaction, physical symptoms, social functioning, and complications. We systematically searched Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies assessing adult HD patients' perspectives on VA using structured questionnaires. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model across three pairwise comparisons: AVF vs. CVC, AVF vs. AVG, and CVC vs. AVG. Of 1,253 records, 11 studies (n = 2910) met inclusion criteria. AVF patients had higher overall satisfaction compared to those with CVCs (MD: 7.06%, 95% CI: 2.98-11.14). Compared to AVG, AVF patients had higher overall satisfaction, though not statistically significant (MD: 5.12%, 95% CI: - 0.42 to 10.66; p = 0.069). Dissatisfaction with physical symptoms was significantly higher in AVF patients than in those with CVCs (MD: 8.76%, 95% CI: 4.19 to 13.34). Compared to CVC, AVF patients reported significantly lower dissatisfaction in both social functioning (MD: - 9.48%, 95% CI: - 15.98 to - 2.98) and dialysis-related complications (MD: - 10.08%, 95% CI: -12.66 to -7.50). AVFs are associated with higher overall patient satisfaction compared to other VA types. While AVF patients experience more physical discomfort, this is outweighed by significantly greater satisfaction in areas such as social functioning and dialysis-related complications. These findings emphasize the importance of considering patient-reported outcomes when evaluating VA options in HD care. Not applicable.

Available data regarding iatrogenic vascular trauma in the pediatric population mainly comprise case reports and series, with management protocols not firmly established. This study aims to report seven pediatric cases of iatrogenic vascular trauma in the extremities, presenting as arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm, along with their surgical management. We further reviewed the literature and discussed other possible management approaches for arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm in this specific population. We reviewed the cases of seven pediatric patients (six male and one female) with iatrogenic vascular trauma presenting as arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm in their extremities. Four patients (57%) were admitted to the intensive care unit due to their severe medical condition before developing these complications. Arterial injury during venous access accounted for five cases (71%). Two patients developed arteriovenous fistula after cardiac catheterization through the common femoral artery for their underlying tetralogy of Fallot. All patients underwent surgical repair. While arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm are infrequent, their occurrence is on the rise, primarily due to the more frequent use of venous access and catheterization procedures. Surgical approaches include ligation and lateral arteriorrhaphy/venorrhaphy, or resection with arterial end-to-end anastomosis. Despite the growing preference for endovascular treatment in the adult population, such as stent placement or coil embolization, pediatric patients require meticulous attention to the possible risk of stent migration, chronic ischemia, and radiation exposure. Based on our experience, surgical management has generally provided a satisfactory treatment response and recovery. However, this needs to be further evaluated in larger, prospective studies.

The rising prevalence of diabetes has been closely linked to increased mortality and morbidity, particularly as its complications become more widespread. Among the most challenging of these complications are cognitive impairments and diabetic neuropathies, which are neurodegenerative conditions that significantly diminish the quality of life in the diabetic population. Beyond its well‐established benefits for improving glycemic control and preventing cardiovascular complications, physical exercise has also been shown to mitigate central and peripheral neurodegenerative complications of diabetes, including cognitive decline, peripheral neuropathies, and autonomic neuropathies. Emerging research suggests that fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5 (FNDC5), later converted into irisin, an exercise‐induced myokine, plays a key role in mediating these protective effects. This narrative review thoroughly examines the protective impact of various forms of physical exercise—including aerobic, resistance, and multimodal training—on diabetic neuropathies and cognitive decline, while also exploring the involvement of FNDC5/irisin in these beneficial outcomes across experimental animal studies, cross‐sectional analyses, and controlled trials.

Baroreceptors are mechanoreceptors that play a crucial role in maintaining normal blood pressure and heart rate. There are two types of baroreceptors; arterial and cardiopulmonary. Arterial receptors are located in the carotid sinus and the aortic arch, while cardiopulmonary or volume baroreceptors are found within the atria, ventricles, and pulmonary vessels. Arterial baroreceptors are sensitive to vessel-wall stretching, and in cases of blood pressure alterations, impulses sent by these receptors reach the nucleus tractus solitarius, resulting in changes to heart rate, cardiac contractility, and peripheral vascular resistance. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors provide information to the vagal center of the medulla regarding blood volume, thereby mediating changes in circulatory and renal function. In this chapter, we will delve into the physiology, mechanisms of function, clinical significance, and emerging research related to baroreceptors.

Introduction and importance: Para-anastomotic aneurysms (PAAs) represent a late complication of open surgical repair for occlusive or aneurysmal disease of the abdominal aorta. Due to limited literature and management challenges, we present two cases of PAAs and review existing evidence. Case presentation: Clinical discussion: The FEVAR approach avoids redo laparotomy, reducing risks of blood loss, and splanchnic injury. However, prior open repair requires careful endograft design, considering the graft's configuration, reduced compliance, and altered visceral anatomy. For distal anastomotic aneurysms, open repair was chosen due to fewer challenges from adjacent structures. Conclusion: Based on our experience, FEVAR is effective for juxta-renal PAAs near the proximal anastomosis, while open repair is preferred for PAAs at the distal anastomosis. Further large-scale, long-term studies comparing these treatments are warranted. Highlights: