• Community-based health insurance scheme is a strategy that provides financial protection against health-related poverty. • Little has been known about the role of community-based health insurance on healthcare seeking behavior in Ethiopia. • According to the findings of this study, the proportion of people who sought appropriate healthcare was low (47.3%).

Objectives To determine the prevalence of stunting and thinness and associated factors among adolescents attending public schools in Lideta subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2021. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Public schools in Lideta subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Eligibility Adolescents from grades 5–12 in public schools and students whose parents gave consent for participation. Data analysis Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between the independent variables and stunting and thinness. Using a 95% CI and adjusted OR (AOR), factors with a p value of less than 0.05 were determined to have a significant association. Outcome measures The prevalence of stunting and thinness, as well as the factors associated with stunting and thinness, were secondary outcomes. Results The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness was 7.2% (95% CI: 5.3% to 9.3%) and 9% (95% CI: 6.8% to 11.4%), respectively. Stunting was associated with a larger family size (AOR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.58 to 8.94), low dietary diversity (AOR=2.87; 95% CI: 1.44 to 5.74), food insecurity (AOR=2.81; 95% CI: 1.38 to 5.71) and a lower wealth index (AOR=3.34; 95% CI: 1.51 to 7.41). On the other hand, thinness was associated with maternal education in those who were unable to read and write (AOR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.97 to 8.11), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=4.81; 95% CI: 2.55 to 9.07) and larger family size (AOR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.14 to 5.29). Conclusion Adolescent stunting and thinness were common in Addis Ababa’s public schools. Family size, dietary diversity and food security were the main factors associated with both thinness and stunting. Therefore, to solve the problem of adolescent stunting and thinness, the administration of Addis Ababa city should prioritise minimising food insecurity while boosting productivity to enhance adolescent nutritional diversity. Moreover, nutritional education should be strengthened by healthcare providers working at public schools as well as health extension workers.

Emergency healthcare services enable early detection and life-saving interventions for time-sensitive acute injuries and illnesses. The aim of this paper was to assess health care professional's perception towards determinants of effective emergency healthcare services in public health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2023. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at public health centers in Addis Ababa with a sample of 422 study participants. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling techniques. To identify factors associated with the outcome variable, bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Variables having a p-value less than 0.05 in multi-variable logistic regression analysis were declared determinants of positive perception towards emergency medical services effectiveness. Among the study participants, 76.3 % (95 % CI: 72.3, 80.6) had a positive perception towards the public health centers effectiveness in providing emergency healthcare services. Moreover, training (AOR: 4.05; 95 % CI: 1.97, 8.32), ICT service implementation (AOR: 6.55; 95 % CI: 3.37, 12.73), resource availability in the emergency department (AOR: 5.07; 95 % CI: 2.51, 10.25), and management support (AOR: 3.22; 95 % CI: 1.66, 6.25) were determinant factors associated with the perception of effectiveness in emergency medical care services. Nearly three-fourths of healthcare providers in Addis Ababa perceived that the emergency healthcare services were effective. Furthermore, training on patient service delivery, ICT service implementation, availability of resources in emergency departments, and management support were independent determinants of positive perception towards effective emergency healthcare services.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the level of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated factors among hypertensive patients having follow-up at selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2022. Setting A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public and tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 15 January 2022 to 30 July 2022. Participants A total of 326 adult hypertensive patients who visited the chronic diseases clinic for follow-up were included in the study. Primary and secondary outcome measures A high predicted 10-year CVD risk level was assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and physical measurement (primary data) and reviews of medical data records (secondary data) by using a non-laboratory WHO risk prediction chart. Logistic regression with an adjusted OR (AOR) using a 95% CI was calculated for independent variables associated with 10-year CVD risk. Results The prevalence of a high predicted 10-year CVD risk level was 28.2% (95% CI 10.34% to 33.2%) among the study participants. A higher CVD risk level was found to be associated with age (AOR 4.2 for age 64–74, 95% CI 1.67 to 10.66), being male (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.18, 3.67), unemployment (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.25) and stage 2 systolic blood pressure (AOR 11.32; 95% CI 3.43 to 37.46). Conclusion The study showed that the respondent’s age, gender, occupation and high systolic blood pressure were determinant factors for CVD risks. Therefore, routine screening for the presence of CVD risk factors and assessment of CVD risk are recommended for hypertensive patients for CVD risk reduction.

Background: Routine medical checkups are one strategy for detecting and treating noncommunicable diseases early. Despite the effort to prevent and control noncommunicable diseases in Ethiopia, the prevalence of the problem is significantly increasing. The aim of this study was to assess the uptake of routine medical checkups for common noncommunicable diseases and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted, enroling 422 healthcare providers in Addis Ababa. A simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. Data entry was made using Epi-data and exported to STATA for further analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of routine medical checkups. In the multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds ratio along with a 95% confidence interval were determined. Explanatory variables whose p value less than 0.05 were selected as significant factors. Results: The overall uptake of routine medical checkups for common noncommunicable disease was 35.3% (95% CI: 32.34–38.26). Moreover, being married [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.60, 95% CI=1.42–4.76], income level less than 7071 (AOR=3.05, 95% CI=1.23–10.05), absence of chronic medical disease (AOR=0.40, 95% CI=0.18–0.88), good provider commitment (AOR=4.80, 95% CI=1.63–14.05), drinking alcohol (AOR=0.35, 95% CI=0.19–0.65), and poor perception of health status (AOR=2.1, 95% CI=1.01–4.44) were the significant factors. Conclusion: The uptake of routine medical checkups was found to be low, owing to marital status, level of income, perception of health status, drinking alcohol, the absence of chronic medical conditions, and the availability of committed providers, which needs intervention. We recommend using committed providers for noncommunicable diseases and considering fee waivers for healthcare professionals to increase uptake of routine medical checkups.