The constituents of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (PJ) exhibit biological and pharmacological activities, including anti‑obesity, anti‑oxidant and anti‑allergic activities. The aim of the present study was to examine in vitro effects of PJ in RANKL‑induced signaling pathways, which determine osteoclast differentiation. PJ ethanol extract (PEE) exhibited anti‑osteoporotic activity by disrupting the phospholipase C (PLC)‑Ca2+‑c‑Fos/cAMP response element‑binding protein (CREB)‑nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling pathway during osteoclastogenesis. Murine bone marrow‑derived macrophages (BMMs) were cultured and used to determine the effects of PJ in the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)‑mediated osteoclastogenesis. The effects of PEE in the RANKL‑mediated signaling cascade were evaluated using a standard in vitro osteoclastogenesis system. PEE treatment of BMMs significantly reduced the number of RANKL‑mediated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‑positive multinucleated cells (P<0.05 for 5 and 10 µg/ml PEE, P<0.01 for 25 and 50 µg/ml PEE), without cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the expression of differentiation‑related marker genes, including TRAP, Oscar, Cathepsin K, dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein, ATPase H+ Transporting V0 Subunit D2 and NFATc1, were markedly suppressed. PEE induced a transient increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) mobilization via voltage‑gated Ca2+ channels and PLC‑sensitive pathways. Transient [Ca2+]i increase consequently resulted in the suppression of c‑Fos, CREB and NFATc1 activities. These findings highlight the potential use of PJ in treating bone disorders caused by osteoclast overgrowth.

Human genome studies have suggested that strawberry notch homologue 1 (SBNO1) is crucial for normal brain development, with mutations potentially contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. In a previous study, we observed significant developmental abnormalities in the neocortex of Sbno1 as early as one week after birth. In the present study, we conducted an extensive analysis of Sbno1 postnatal expression in the brain of C57BL/6 mice using a newly developed in-house polyclonal antibody against Sbno1. We found that Sbno1 is expressed in all neurons, with certain neuronal populations exhibiting distinct dynamic changes (both temporal and spatial) in expression level. These findings suggest that the neuronal expression of Sbno1 is developmentally regulated after birth. They also indicate that while Sbno1 may play a general role across all neurons, it may also serve more specialized functions in certain neuronal types and/or for certain cellular activities related to particular neuronal pathways.

Objective: To evaluate certain neurophysiological parameters of basketball players, analyze the effects of aerobic and anaerobic training, and assess the role of nutrition and physical recovery. Methods: Seven male professional players (aged 19–25) from the Erdenet Miners team completed a two-month integrated intervention combining structured aerobic/anaerobic training, individualized nutrition plans, and recovery modalities. Assessments were conducted at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention, measuring body composition, aerobic capacity, muscular strength, agility, pulmonary function, neuromuscular balance, and psychological recovery. Non-parametric tests (Friedman and Wilcoxon) were used to evaluate changes over time. Results: Significant improvements were observed across multiple domains. Body fat decreased from 21.6% to 19.6%, while muscle mass and protein levels increased. Aerobic capacity improved, including Cooper test performance (2.86 km to 3.22 km), Yo-Yo IR1 (1005 m to 1385 m), and MVV (156.2 to 184.9 L/min). Agility increased by 14%, vertical jump height by 6.1%, and muscular asymmetry declined. Psychological recovery (RestQ-Sport) also improved. Conclusions: A comprehensive neurophysiological intervention combining structured training, targeted nutrition, and advanced recovery techniques significantly enhanced physical performance, physiological efficiency, and psychological well-being in elite basketball players. These findings highlight the value of integrated performance-optimization strategies in improving individual and team outcomes.

Human genome studies have suggested that strawberry notch homologue 1 (SBNO1) is crucial for normal brain development, with mutations potentially contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. In a previous study, we observed significant developmental abnormalities in the neocortex of Sbno1 as early as one week after birth. In the present study, we conducted an extensive analysis of Sbno1 postnatal expression in the brain of C57BL/6 mice using a newly developed in-house polyclonal antibody against Sbno1. We found that Sbno1 is expressed in all neurons, with certain neuronal populations exhibiting distinct dynamic changes (both temporal and spatial) in expression level. These findings suggest that the neuronal expression of Sbno1 is developmentally regulated after birth. They also indicate that while Sbno1 may play a general role across all neurons, it may also serve more specialized functions in certain neuronal types and/or for certain cellular activities related to particular neuronal pathways.

Recent evidence shows air pollution as a critical environmental factor linked to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 is associated with increased risk of disease like Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and stroke, highlighting the need to identify which brain regions are mostly affected. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of permanent exposure to ambient air pollution on structural brain changes identified through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We mainly focused on neuroimaging markers such as white matter hyperintensity (WMH), brain volume reduction, and cortical atrophy, that are highly associated with memory and cognitive function. A systematic search was conducted in databases - PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Directory of Open Access Journals up to March 11, 2025. Out of 1,003 initially retrieved articles, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The findings indicate a significant association between PM_2.5 exposure and WMH (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27–1.54), and reduced brain volume (OR = 0.8659, 95% CI: 0.8300–0.9033). Moreover, according to Pearson correlation air pollution was positively correlated with WMH (r = 0.62) and negatively with cognitive function (r = -0.95). These results highlight air pollution as a substantial risk factor for neurostructural damage. Thus, public health interventions targeting air quality improvement are urgently needed.