A numerical hydrodynamic model for a moored interconnected floating large structure under the action of regular waves is presented to analyze the effect of current and wind. The floating structure consists of 20 hinged plates that are linked together and secured with mooring lines along its edges. A brief discussion is provided on the multi-body hydrodynamics equations related to the numerical model definitions in both the frequency and time domains. Conversely, a concise overview of the experiment is given. The numerical model outcomes of vertical displacements and wave quantities are compared against the results obtained from model test data sets and numerical and analytical models in a recent publication. A high degree of accuracy has been noted in reflection and transmission coefficients with a certain value of current velocity. The numerical model simulating interconnected structures of 10 and 16 hinged plates is analyzed, and the resulting vertical displacements under the influence of current are compared to those of a 20-hinged structure. The impact of currents and winds on the hydrodynamic response of the structure is examined by studying various results, using stiffness values for both mooring and hinges. Further, the effect of wavelengths on the wave transmission on every side of the interconnected structure through contour diagrams, hydrodynamic diffraction for different incident angles, and wave quantities on current speed are analyzed. It is observed that as the current speed rises, the structural displacement also escalates; meanwhile, no impact of the wind on the floating interconnected structure is noted. It has been observed that as the wave direction shifts from 0° to 60°, the interconnected floating structure experiences a slight reduction in wave motion throughout the entire system.

Digital Twin (DT) technologies are increasingly transforming maritime and port systems by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, operational optimisation, and sustainability-oriented decision-making. Despite growing academic and industrial interest, the integration of DTs into sustainable maritime ecosystems remains fragmented, particularly in assessing digital maturity and sustainability performance. This study follows the PRISMA 2020 methodology to systematically review 26 peer-reviewed studies from Scopus and Web of Science. Through thematic synthesis, based on inductive coding and the identification of recurring patterns across the reviewed studies, four Digital Twin dimensions and a four-level maturity framework supported by Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were derived: smart port development, artificial intelligence integration, energy optimisation, and environmental governance. Based on the findings, the study proposes a DT Maturity Framework for sustainable maritime systems, structured across progressive levels of technological integration, operational intelligence, sustainability alignment, and governance capacity. The framework provides an operational, multidimensional approach to assessing DT maturity across heterogeneous maritime ecosystems. The study contributes to the emerging literature on sustainable maritime digitalisation by offering a systematic conceptual synthesis that can support future research, strategic planning, and policy development in smart and sustainable port ecosystems. The proposed framework constitutes a conceptual assessment model whose empirical validation is identified as a priority for future research. As a literature-derived conceptual assessment model, the proposed framework requires empirical validation before its maturity levels and associated KPIs can be considered empirically established.