Jaw osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a major complication of head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Treatment complications account for most of the poor outcomes for head and neck cancers and the associated racial health disparities in cancer survivorship. The global incidence of jaw ORN is improving due to pre-radiotherapy patient preparations and improved head and neck cancer radiotherapy protocols. The diagnosis and management of jaw ORN are based on the patient’s history and clinical presentation combined with radiological and histopathological tests. Evidence-based jaw ORN therapies focus on preventive, palliative, and surgical principles. However, new and innovative therapeutic approaches based on the cellular and molecular pathophysiological processes of jaw ORN and the jawbone’s susceptibility to radiation bone damage are limited. The rationale for this narrative review is to highlight the current diagnostic approaches to jaw ORN and the pathophysiological basis for new therapeutic options for ORN.

Objective: Ameloblastoma is an aggressively growing odontogenic tumor with substantial management challenges and a high recurrence rate. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for ameloblastoma, but adjuvant therapies like radiation have been explored in cases where surgery is not clinically advisable and the tumor is inoperable. This short review assessed ameloblastoma case reports for outcomes of advanced radiation therapy modalities. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were queried for outcomes of ameloblastoma treated with helical tomotherapy, gamma knife radiosurgery, proton beam therapy, and carbon ion therapy. Patient outcomes were assessed based on tumor response, radiation side effects, and tumor recurrence. Results: Seven of nine (78%) cases showed tumor regression or complete response, with no disease progression during follow‐up that ranged from 3 months to 5 years. The remaining two had partial regression or stable disease. Treatment side effects were generally mild, with 6 cases reporting grade 1–3 dermatitis, mucositis, or xerostomia. Two cases experienced severe toxicity, including grade 3 mucositis and radiation retinopathy. Conclusion: Advanced radiation techniques offer a promising alternative or adjuvant therapy for ameloblastoma in cases where surgery is contraindicated. However, more studies are needed to validate these findings.