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This study aims to establish a regionalized environmental impact assessment of construction machinery equipped with diesel engines certified by the European emission standard Stage V, and operated in cold climatic zones in Europe. The study quantifies potential environmental impacts associated with construction machinery over the entire lifecycle, from extraction of materials to the end-of-life. For the operation phase, a meso-level emission accounting method is applied to quantify tailpipe emissions for certain subcategories of construction machinery. This is achieved by determining the operational efficiency of each machine in terms of effective hours. The quantified emission data are then adjusted based on engine deterioration models to estimate the rate of increase in emissions throughout the lifetime of each machine. Finally, the CML impact assessment method is applied to inventory data to quantify potential environmental impacts. The study shows that tailpipe emissions, which largely depend on an engine’s fuel consumption, had the largest contribution to environmental impacts in most impact categories. At the same time, there was a positive correlation between the operation weight and the impacts of the machinery. Also, machinery with similar operation weight had relatively similar impact patterns due to similar driving factors and dependencies. In addition, network, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses were performed to quantify the source of impacts and validate the robustness of the study. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the responsiveness of the studied systems is very sensitive to changes in the amount of fuel consumption. In addition, the uncertainty results showed that the domain of uncertainty increased as the operation weight subcategory of machinery increased. This study extends previous work on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of construction machinery, and the methodology developed provides a basis for future extension and improvement in this field. The use of effective hours as the unit of operational efficiency helps to resolve uncertainties linked to lifetime and annual operation hours. Also, the obtained results can be of use for decision support and for assessing the impacts of transition from fossil fuels to alternative fuel types.
Babak Ebrahimi; Holger Wallbaum; Pål Drevland Jakobsen; Gaylord Kabongo Booto. Regionalized environmental impacts of construction machinery. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2020, 25, 1472 -1485.
AMA StyleBabak Ebrahimi, Holger Wallbaum, Pål Drevland Jakobsen, Gaylord Kabongo Booto. Regionalized environmental impacts of construction machinery. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2020; 25 (8):1472-1485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Ebrahimi; Holger Wallbaum; Pål Drevland Jakobsen; Gaylord Kabongo Booto. 2020. "Regionalized environmental impacts of construction machinery." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 8: 1472-1485.
In line with EU Directives, European building portfolio owners are required to bring their stock to nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) standards by 2050. To fulfil this goal in a timely and cost-effective manner, they will need to have a comprehensive understanding of their buildings' condition, as well as consistent information on viable energy and low-carbon technology measures. Currently, in Europe, there is a lack of knowledge of what energy efficiency measures are being implemented in residential buildings. It is also unknown what are the decision-making processes behind the selection of these measures. On this basis, the aim of this study is to shed light on (1) what energy efficiency measures are currently carried out across European building portfolio owners (BPOs), (2) how are these measures selected (i.e. decision-making processes and information sources), and (3) what data would be needed to foster the uptake of low carbon energy efficiency technologies. The applied methodology combines desk research on scientific and grey literature, with findings in the field of building maintenance & operation. The later based on semi-structured interviews with 23 selected private and public BPOs across 7 European countries: Sweden, UK, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. Results show that the most often implemented actions are the maintenance of the roof and the upgrade of the heating system. Measures are decided based on a combined planned and "reactive" (i.e. problem/solution) approach. The data that is typically used by BPOs is basic building information, such as gross floor area or year built. Although currently unavailable, the most often solicited evidence by the BPOS in favour of energy efficiency and low carbon technology measures is related to energy consumption and other user data.
C Camarasa; E Roussou; Holger Wallbaum; A Sousanabadi Farahani. Energy Efficiency Measures and Data Needs. The Case of the European Building Portfolio Owners. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 503, 012101 .
AMA StyleC Camarasa, E Roussou, Holger Wallbaum, A Sousanabadi Farahani. Energy Efficiency Measures and Data Needs. The Case of the European Building Portfolio Owners. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 503 (1):012101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC Camarasa; E Roussou; Holger Wallbaum; A Sousanabadi Farahani. 2020. "Energy Efficiency Measures and Data Needs. The Case of the European Building Portfolio Owners." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 503, no. 1: 012101.
Colin Fudge; Marcus Grant; Holger Wallbaum. Transforming cities and health: policy, action, and meaning. Cities & Health 2020, 4, 135 -151.
AMA StyleColin Fudge, Marcus Grant, Holger Wallbaum. Transforming cities and health: policy, action, and meaning. Cities & Health. 2020; 4 (2):135-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleColin Fudge; Marcus Grant; Holger Wallbaum. 2020. "Transforming cities and health: policy, action, and meaning." Cities & Health 4, no. 2: 135-151.
Purpose This paper aims to explore the literature on office design approaches (ODAs) in relation to employee health. The overall goal is to facilitate the practical use and theoretical development of design approaches to healthy offices. Design/methodology/approach A scoping review of 7,432 papers collected from 4 electronic databases and 5 scientific journals resulted in the selection of 18 papers for content analysis. Findings Various ODAs relating to building design features and health were identified. The findings highlight challenges for this emergent field, including a paucity of literature on ODAs, a lack of definitions of health and healthy offices, ambiguous design strategies and a lack of a holistic ODA. Originality/value ODAs are potentially valuable resources but an under-considered topic for healthy office development. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first scoping review to map and compare different design approaches in the context of office design and its main contribution is in encouraging researchers and practitioners to bring a salutogenic and holistic perspective to their design approaches.
Melina Forooraghi; Elke Miedema; Nina Ryd; Holger Wallbaum. Scoping review of health in office design approaches. Journal of Corporate Real Estate 2020, 22, 155 -180.
AMA StyleMelina Forooraghi, Elke Miedema, Nina Ryd, Holger Wallbaum. Scoping review of health in office design approaches. Journal of Corporate Real Estate. 2020; 22 (2):155-180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelina Forooraghi; Elke Miedema; Nina Ryd; Holger Wallbaum. 2020. "Scoping review of health in office design approaches." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 22, no. 2: 155-180.
In strategic planning, maintenance and renovation plans serve as an instrument for multiple objectives (e.g., to control degradation, sustain optimal building performance, reduce the costs of operations, and meet budget requirements, etc.). The lack of a proper long-term plan can lead to financial difficulties, especially in older buildings where the components are old and in need of extensive maintenance and renovation. These difficulties are complex and more pronounced in less-attractive markets where maintenance and renovation budgets are limited and socioeconomic issues are prevalent. In order to address the complexity of the problem and fully utilize the potential value in buildings, multiobjective analyses of maintenance and renovation plans need to be carried out together with proper life expectancy analyses. Current planning methods are not flexible or efficient enough to combine life expectancy analyses with multiobjective optimization processes. This paper presents a maintenance and renovation scheduling method that utilizes a modified deterioration function for life expectancy analyses and combines it with a service life-cycle cost analysis to facilitate multiobjective optimization processes. To demonstrate its application, the proposed method is used for maintenance and renovation planning for two identical buildings of different ages. To further demonstrate its economic benefits, the proposed method is used for planning under a restricting annual budget constraint and the results are compared to the results from a conventional method used by the managing company. The proposed planning method helps decision makers choose maintenance and renovation strategies in difficult market situations and/or under budget constraints.
Abolfazl Farahani; Holger Wallbaum; Jan-Olof Dalenbäck. Cost-Optimal Maintenance and Renovation Planning in Multifamily Buildings with Annual Budget Constraints. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2020, 146, 04020009 .
AMA StyleAbolfazl Farahani, Holger Wallbaum, Jan-Olof Dalenbäck. Cost-Optimal Maintenance and Renovation Planning in Multifamily Buildings with Annual Budget Constraints. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2020; 146 (3):04020009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbolfazl Farahani; Holger Wallbaum; Jan-Olof Dalenbäck. 2020. "Cost-Optimal Maintenance and Renovation Planning in Multifamily Buildings with Annual Budget Constraints." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 146, no. 3: 04020009.
The present work demonstrates the performance evaluation and economic analysis of different PV module types and brands at the working conditions of Padiham (53.5 N, 2.3 W) in the UK. The total area of PV plant was assumed to be 100 square meters. The simulations were carried out for modules installed on the roof and on the south-facing façade of a residential building. The comparison study is carried out to define the most suitable module type and brands for the considered place in the current study. The energy and economic performance of the grid-connected PV system are analyzed under the meteorological conditions of Padiham. The modules were characterized by evaluating their annual electrical energy generation and different figures of merit of the grid-connected PV systems such as the investment, annual profit, net present value, levelized cost of electricity, and the payback time. The simulations show that in this specific setup, monocrystalline modules have the best energy performance, while thin-film modules have the best economic performance.
Mohamad Kharseh; Holger Wallbaum. Comparing Different PV Module Types and Brands Under Working Conditions in the United Kingdom. Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMohamad Kharseh, Holger Wallbaum. Comparing Different PV Module Types and Brands Under Working Conditions in the United Kingdom. Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad Kharseh; Holger Wallbaum. 2020. "Comparing Different PV Module Types and Brands Under Working Conditions in the United Kingdom." Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules , no. : 1.
Residential buildings take a large share of the globally accumulated construction material stock. Knowledge regarding material stocks and flows and the spatial and temporal dynamics of residential structures is needed to enhance material circularity and, consequently, reduce the inflow of raw materials and the outflow of demolition waste. In this study, material stocks and flows in residential buildings are estimated with the aim of identifying spatiotemporal characteristics among different settlements. Sweden’s 290 municipalities classified into eight settlement types are used as a case study. The modeling is realized bottom-up, with statistical inventory data and material intensity coefficients. The results demonstrate that, in the last 25 years, 63% of the residential material stock in Sweden has accumulated in the three largest metropolitan areas (Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö). In contrast, rural areas and the commuter municipalities to small cities show a decrease in material stocks. For the same period, particularities in material flows were also depicted. For instance, medium-size towns presented the highest inflow and outflow, commuter municipalities to large cities showed no outflow, and rural areas with a visiting industry had a high stock renewal. The material composition differs among settlements due to fluctuations in residential building type and age distribution of the stock. Brick and steel have higher stock in larger settlements, whereas wood and aggregate show higher stock in smaller, commuter and rural settlements. Spatially, it was observed that residential stock mainly accumulates in large cities located near the sea, and inland in medium-size towns along large transportation infrastructures such as high-speed roads that connect the large cities. These spatial observations indicate the formation of an intensively built human corridor, which can be used for enhancing material circularity within the national boundaries. The results point to spatial and temporal particularities in material stocks and flows among settlement types and, therefore, further related research is recommended. This study also contributes with an extensive discussion on drivers of stock accumulation, policy implications, uncertainties, and results validation.
Paul Gontia; Liane Thuvander; Holger Wallbaum. Spatiotemporal characteristics of residential material stocks and flows in urban, commuter, and rural settlements. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 251, 119435 .
AMA StylePaul Gontia, Liane Thuvander, Holger Wallbaum. Spatiotemporal characteristics of residential material stocks and flows in urban, commuter, and rural settlements. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 251 ():119435.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Gontia; Liane Thuvander; Holger Wallbaum. 2019. "Spatiotemporal characteristics of residential material stocks and flows in urban, commuter, and rural settlements." Journal of Cleaner Production 251, no. : 119435.
Winter road maintenance in the Nordic climate is demanding due to challenging weather conditions, high precipitation, and icy conditions. As a leading country in the transition to low-emission transport, Norway must work to reduce their emissions while providing a safe level of service through winter maintenance operations. This article investigates the environmental impacts of winter road maintenance (WRM) in Norway both today and under a climate change scenario predicted for 2050. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impact of the functional unit “average winter road maintenance in Norway on national and county roads per km.lane.” The ReCiPe (hierarchy) method was used to identify and categorize emissions related to WRM to show how different factors affect the system and to reveal hidden emissions hotspots. Real-time data from WRM vehicles were used to determine how fuel consumption is affected by gradient and weather. Producers and operators provided other relevant information on WRM vehicles. Official reports supplied information on deicer quantities used and the total distance driven by WRM vehicles in Norway. The quantity of deicer used is the main source of emissions contributing toward all impact categories. The effect of deicer is likely to be even higher in certain impact categories. The environmental impact of the deicer after application is not included. The representation of WRM in existing emissions data is limited despite the considerable amount of deicer applied and the long distances that WRM vehicles travel. The results document how energy use throughout the system is another important source of emissions. Various parameters, such as road gradient, vehicle properties, driver behavior, and weather, affect the fuel consumption of WRM vehicles, with weather being the most important of these. Significant potential for emissions reductions from WRM was found, and WRM operations should be included in cold-climate road LCA studies. The environmental impacts of deicer application are especially high compared to the mechanical clearing of roads and contribute strongly to impact categories such as terrestrial, freshwater, and human toxicity and to the formation of particulate matter.
Hrefna Run Vignisdottir; Babak Ebrahimi; Gaylord Kabongo Booto; Reyn O’Born; Helge Brattebø; Holger Wallbaum; Rolf André Bohne. Life cycle assessment of winter road maintenance. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2019, 25, 646 -661.
AMA StyleHrefna Run Vignisdottir, Babak Ebrahimi, Gaylord Kabongo Booto, Reyn O’Born, Helge Brattebø, Holger Wallbaum, Rolf André Bohne. Life cycle assessment of winter road maintenance. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2019; 25 (3):646-661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHrefna Run Vignisdottir; Babak Ebrahimi; Gaylord Kabongo Booto; Reyn O’Born; Helge Brattebø; Holger Wallbaum; Rolf André Bohne. 2019. "Life cycle assessment of winter road maintenance." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 3: 646-661.
Magnus Österbring; Clara Camarasa; Claudio Nägeli; Liane Thuvander; Holger Wallbaum. Prioritizing deep renovation for housing portfolios. Energy and Buildings 2019, 202, 1 .
AMA StyleMagnus Österbring, Clara Camarasa, Claudio Nägeli, Liane Thuvander, Holger Wallbaum. Prioritizing deep renovation for housing portfolios. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 202 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagnus Österbring; Clara Camarasa; Claudio Nägeli; Liane Thuvander; Holger Wallbaum. 2019. "Prioritizing deep renovation for housing portfolios." Energy and Buildings 202, no. : 1.
Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are using vertical ground heat exchangers, known as Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs), as a heat source or sink. The performance of the GSHP system strongly relies on the ground temperature surrounding the BHEs. This temperature depends on many parameters and varies during the operating time. Therefore, the determination of the ground temperature is crucial to define the design and the proper size of the BHEs so that the performance of the GSHP system can be kept at the desired level. The current study aims to formulate a complex structure of artificial neural network (ANN) model in a mathematical equation that expresses the change in the ground temperature around BHEs due to heat injection in the long run. To fulfill this aim, a numerical model of BHEs was created using the ANSYS (Analysis System) software to generate data. The generated data was then used to train the ANN model, which was built for this study. The simulation results show that the ANN model estimates the ground temperature (Tg) in the target GSHP system with higher accuracy.
Mohamad Kharseh; Mohamed El Koujok; Holger Wallbaum. Estimating the Ground Temperature Around Energy Piles Using Artificial Neural Networks. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2019, 223 -229.
AMA StyleMohamad Kharseh, Mohamed El Koujok, Holger Wallbaum. Estimating the Ground Temperature Around Energy Piles Using Artificial Neural Networks. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2019; ():223-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad Kharseh; Mohamed El Koujok; Holger Wallbaum. 2019. "Estimating the Ground Temperature Around Energy Piles Using Artificial Neural Networks." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 223-229.
Aim: This review aims to explore the relation between the physical office environment and employee health as found in the Nordic literature. Background: The Nordic countries have a worldwide fame for their high living and working standards. Nevertheless, they have also been facing global challenges related to demographic changes, aging population, and a rise in long term conditions which require a creative way of thinking, and innovative approaches in the ways we deliver buildings and the built environment. The built environment is a health determinant and a resource for health and wellbeing of building users. In office sector, however, there is little known regarding the design implications of the physical environment for health outcomes. A review of the literature on the current state of the art in the Nordic context could offer an opportunity to rethink office design and support dialogue on how better design can improve employee health outcomes. Methods: An explorative document analysis of recent literature on workplace environment in the Nordic context was carried out. Results: Three main gaps in the literature were identified, including (1) limited understanding of health, (2) unrecognised role of the physical work environment and design professions in relation to health, and (3) diverse research orientations. The combination of results suggests the paucity of the studies relating the physical office environment to positive health approaches. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for more quantitative and qualitative methods to give relevant knowledge for complex questions regarding the physical office environment and health outcomes of employees. Future research should enable dialogue and collaboration between different actors such as managers, human resources, occupational health professionals and designers, which can benefit the users of office building.
Melina Forooraghi; Holger Wallbaum; Nina Ryd. Health & wellbeing in offices - A study of literature on the Nordic perspective. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 297, 012013 .
AMA StyleMelina Forooraghi, Holger Wallbaum, Nina Ryd. Health & wellbeing in offices - A study of literature on the Nordic perspective. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 297 (1):012013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelina Forooraghi; Holger Wallbaum; Nina Ryd. 2019. "Health & wellbeing in offices - A study of literature on the Nordic perspective." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 297, no. 1: 012013.
Renovating the existing building stock has a significant potential to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the European Union. However, a common European renovation project focuses primarily on improving the thermal performance of the building shell by adding insulation to the opaque surfaces and improve the thermal performance of the windows. The potentially positive contribution of renewable energies (RE) in balance with energy efficiency measures is often underestimated. Consequently, a more holistic approach can contribute to a reduction in total net energy demand up to 40-45% for the entire buildings sector. Thus, in order to achieve the goal of GHG emission reduction in an economic most responsible way, the share of RE in a renovation project needs to be increased. However, building renovation projects are becoming - apparently - more complicated if more factors are considered in the planning of a renovation project. Thus, a computational tool for evaluating hundreds of different renovation options, including the implementations of renewable energy resources, to obtain an optimal or nearly optimal set of renovation options is essential. Therefore, a novel planning tool has been developed within the framework of DREEAM project, a project funded by the European Union within the Horizon 2020 research framework. The DREEAM-Tool has been designed in the way that it helps designers and other stakeholders to plan a renovation project of a single building or even on a multi-building scale. The tool was built in the way to optimize the renovation project taking into consideration the most critical factors in planning and decision-making processes, such as the economic or environmental performance. In other words, the tool combines an energy calculation model for a building or multiple building with an economic and environmental assessment to identify and optimize the most beneficial refurbishment solutions. The current study presents the concept of the DREEAM-Tool and shows examples of how the optimal renovation packages of a considered building will be determined and how this will support designers or buildings owners in decision-making processes.
Mohamad Kharseh; Claudio Nägeli; Holger Wallbaum. Identify Optimal Renovation Packages for Residential Buildings: A State-of-the-Art Computational Model. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 297, 012018 .
AMA StyleMohamad Kharseh, Claudio Nägeli, Holger Wallbaum. Identify Optimal Renovation Packages for Residential Buildings: A State-of-the-Art Computational Model. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 297 (1):012018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad Kharseh; Claudio Nägeli; Holger Wallbaum. 2019. "Identify Optimal Renovation Packages for Residential Buildings: A State-of-the-Art Computational Model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 297, no. 1: 012018.
Combinations of different factors and their relative importance have a mixed effect on the longevity of pavements, which are essential to be understood to enhance long-term maintenance planning. This study used spatial road data from Norway followed by integrating temporal-spatial and statistical analyses to show a potential approach to estimate the lifetimes of asphalt surfacing. For the statistical part, a stratified Cox proportional hazard model was used to understand the relationship between longevity of surface mixtures and different factors, while avoiding having predefined assumptions rooted in deterministic modeling. In addition, rutting was used as the response variable to determine distress-specific asphalt surfacing lifetimes and to handle censored data. Inclusion of rutting as the response variable showed that the median technical lifetime of asphalt surfacing is about 2 years shorter than that of the maintenance activity records. The results showed the significance of each covariate; however, aggregate nominal maximum size and heavy traffic volume were consistently the significant covariates across the studied traffic classes. In addition, the results were fitted to reference categories in each covariate to show a practical approach to interpret absolute values of lifetimes from a survival table.
Babak Ebrahimi; Holger Wallbaum; Kristin Svensson; Dagfin Gryteselv. Estimation of Norwegian Asphalt Surfacing Lifetimes Using Survival Analysis Coupled with Road Spatial Data. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 2019, 145, 04019017 .
AMA StyleBabak Ebrahimi, Holger Wallbaum, Kristin Svensson, Dagfin Gryteselv. Estimation of Norwegian Asphalt Surfacing Lifetimes Using Survival Analysis Coupled with Road Spatial Data. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements. 2019; 145 (3):04019017.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Ebrahimi; Holger Wallbaum; Kristin Svensson; Dagfin Gryteselv. 2019. "Estimation of Norwegian Asphalt Surfacing Lifetimes Using Survival Analysis Coupled with Road Spatial Data." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 145, no. 3: 04019017.
Urban building-stocks are responsible for a significant share of resource and energy use. To quantify the potential for reducing energy and environmental impact, building-stock modelling (BSM) is commonly used. Recently, the focus of BSM has expanded to include environmental impacts and life-cycle assessment (LCA). However, impact categories are often limited to climate change and representative buildings are often used. In addition, the future state of the stock is often calculated as a step-change to highlight the technical potential of an ideal future state. The aim of this paper is to assess the environmental impact of the future development of an urban housing-stock under business-as-usual scenarios using a building-specific GIS based model applied to the multi-family building stock of the City of Gothenburg. This paper uses an explorative LCA to account for environmental impacts based on dynamic uptake of common renovation measures and resulting energy savings until 2050. Two main scenarios are used where the renovation logic is based on either end-of-life of components or cost-effectiveness and further divided using limiting factors regarding investment capacity and annual share of the stock to be renovated. Results show possible energy savings of up to 23% and a corresponding 31% reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions. Greenhouse-gas emissions avoided due to reduced energy demand are offset by up to 65% by accounting for material use due to construction related renovation measures. For scenarios that favour construction related interventions, PV panels are responsible for the major part of the environmental impact across the 15 mid-point indicators used.
Magnus Österbring; Érika Mata; Liane Thuvander; Holger Wallbaum. Explorative life-cycle assessment of renovating existing urban housing-stocks. Building and Environment 2019, 165, 106391 .
AMA StyleMagnus Österbring, Érika Mata, Liane Thuvander, Holger Wallbaum. Explorative life-cycle assessment of renovating existing urban housing-stocks. Building and Environment. 2019; 165 ():106391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagnus Österbring; Érika Mata; Liane Thuvander; Holger Wallbaum. 2019. "Explorative life-cycle assessment of renovating existing urban housing-stocks." Building and Environment 165, no. : 106391.
A large share of construction material stock (MS) accumulates in urban built environments. To attain a more sustainable use of resources, knowledge about the spatial distribution of urban MS is needed. In this article, an innovative spatial analysis approach to urban MS is proposed. Within this scope, MS indicators are defined at neighborhood level and clustered with k‐mean algorithms. The MS is estimated bottom‐up with (a) material‐intensity coefficients and (b) spatial data for three built environment components: buildings, road transportation, and pipes, using seven material categories. The city of Gothenburg, Sweden is used as a case study. Moreover, being the first case study in Northern Europe, the results are explored through various aspects (material composition, age distribution, material density), and, finally, contrasted on a per capita basis with other studies worldwide. The stock is estimated at circa 84 million metric tons. Buildings account for 73% of the stock, road transport 26%, and pipes 1%. Mineral‐binding materials take the largest share of the stock, followed by aggregates, brick, asphalt, steel, and wood. Per capita, the MS is estimated at 153 metric tons; 62 metric tons are residential, which, in an international context, is a medium estimate. Denser neighborhoods with a mix of nonresidential and residential buildings have a lower proportion of MS in roads and pipes than low‐density single‐family residential neighborhoods. Furthermore, single‐family residential neighborhoods cluster in mixed‐age classes and show the largest content of wood. Multifamily buildings cluster in three distinct age classes, and each represent a specific material composition of brick, mineral binding, and steel. Future work should focus on megacities and contrasting multiple urban areas and, methodologically, should concentrate on algorithms, MS indicators, and spatial divisions of urban stock.
Paul Gontia; Liane Thuvander; Babak Ebrahimi; Victor Vinas; Leonardo Rosado; Holger Wallbaum. Spatial analysis of urban material stock with clustering algorithms: A Northern European case study. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2019, 23, 1328 -1343.
AMA StylePaul Gontia, Liane Thuvander, Babak Ebrahimi, Victor Vinas, Leonardo Rosado, Holger Wallbaum. Spatial analysis of urban material stock with clustering algorithms: A Northern European case study. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2019; 23 (6):1328-1343.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Gontia; Liane Thuvander; Babak Ebrahimi; Victor Vinas; Leonardo Rosado; Holger Wallbaum. 2019. "Spatial analysis of urban material stock with clustering algorithms: A Northern European case study." Journal of Industrial Ecology 23, no. 6: 1328-1343.
Residential buildings account for almost a quarter of the total energy use in Sweden and building owners are, therefore, under pressure from policy makers to improve the energy performance of their buildings. Building portfolio owners (BPOs) generally face multiple barriers in energy efficiency investments such as financial constraints and lack of knowledge of the current state when planning energy efficiency measures. This paper presents a method for cost-optimal scheduling of maintenance and retrofit measures on a portfolio level by drawing on research on building stock modeling and maintenance retrofit planning. The method uses a building stock modeling approach to model costs, energy and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)of a building portfolio and combines this with a method for optimal maintenance and retrofit scheduling in order to forecast and optimize the timing of measures on a building portfolio level. This enables the integrated long-term planning on retrofit investments and reduction of energy demand and GHG emissions for a portfolio of existing buildings. The application to the building portfolio of the municipal housing company of Gothenburg showed that by optimizing the maintenance and retrofit plans, ambitious retrofit measures can be introduced in the majority of the buildings with a positive effect on the service-life cycle costs. Moreover, the method is easily transferable to other building portfolios in Sweden as it builds up on nationally available data sets but is ideally complemented and verified using inspection data and existing maintenance plans of the BPOs in future applications.
Claudio Nägeli; Abolfazl Farahani; Magnus Österbring; Jan-Olof Dalenbäck; Holger Wallbaum. A service-life cycle approach to maintenance and energy retrofit planning for building portfolios. Building and Environment 2019, 160, 106212 .
AMA StyleClaudio Nägeli, Abolfazl Farahani, Magnus Österbring, Jan-Olof Dalenbäck, Holger Wallbaum. A service-life cycle approach to maintenance and energy retrofit planning for building portfolios. Building and Environment. 2019; 160 ():106212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Nägeli; Abolfazl Farahani; Magnus Österbring; Jan-Olof Dalenbäck; Holger Wallbaum. 2019. "A service-life cycle approach to maintenance and energy retrofit planning for building portfolios." Building and Environment 160, no. : 106212.
Greg Peters; Robin Harder; Rickard Arvidsson; Henrikke Baumann; Anna Björklund; Mélanie Despeisse; Tomas Ekvall; Niclas Ericsson; Göran Finnveden; Torun Hammar; Matty Janssen; Carl Karheiding; Hanna Karlsson; Maria Ljunggren Söderman; Magdalena Svanström; Anne-Marie Tillman; Holger Wallbaum. A Swedish comment on ‘review: the availability of life-cycle studies in Sweden’. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2019, 24, 1758 -1759.
AMA StyleGreg Peters, Robin Harder, Rickard Arvidsson, Henrikke Baumann, Anna Björklund, Mélanie Despeisse, Tomas Ekvall, Niclas Ericsson, Göran Finnveden, Torun Hammar, Matty Janssen, Carl Karheiding, Hanna Karlsson, Maria Ljunggren Söderman, Magdalena Svanström, Anne-Marie Tillman, Holger Wallbaum. A Swedish comment on ‘review: the availability of life-cycle studies in Sweden’. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2019; 24 (10):1758-1759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Peters; Robin Harder; Rickard Arvidsson; Henrikke Baumann; Anna Björklund; Mélanie Despeisse; Tomas Ekvall; Niclas Ericsson; Göran Finnveden; Torun Hammar; Matty Janssen; Carl Karheiding; Hanna Karlsson; Maria Ljunggren Söderman; Magdalena Svanström; Anne-Marie Tillman; Holger Wallbaum. 2019. "A Swedish comment on ‘review: the availability of life-cycle studies in Sweden’." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 24, no. 10: 1758-1759.
This paper reveals the main factors that guide road alignment design process in Norway. The goal is to discover what constitutes the main priorities for road planners, how these priorities are ranked when it comes to alignment selection, and how they are related to guiding factors identified in official planning documents and government transport plans throughout the life cycle of a road. This is done through a comprehensive literature and data search, involving published academic research in the road alignment design field, and by exploring Norwegian road planning documents and guidelines. Examples from a recently implemented road project are also included as a way to illustrate alignment priorities in theory versus how alignment decisions are made in practice. Particular attention is paid to how key factors influence environmental and social dimensions and how much importance these dimensions are given in the overall decision-making process. The focus on the Norwegian case is relevant in that it will identify which knowledge gaps need to be filled based on actual practices in the Norwegian road sector. The results of this study found that the dominating factors in road planning and alignment selection are the user cost and the environmental and socio-economic as they are directly related to the main national transport strategy of developing a carbon-neutral and resilient transport system. These results can be used to reinforce and amplify existing road planning strategies and to understand where challenges for environmental and social responsible road planning and alignment selection are found.
Gaylord K. Booto; Reyn O Born; Babak Ebrahimi; Hrefna Vignisdottir; Helge Brattebo; Kelly Pittera; Holger Wallbaum; Rolf A. Bohne. Road Planning and Route Alignment Selection Criteria in the Norwegian Context. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 471, 062007 .
AMA StyleGaylord K. Booto, Reyn O Born, Babak Ebrahimi, Hrefna Vignisdottir, Helge Brattebo, Kelly Pittera, Holger Wallbaum, Rolf A. Bohne. Road Planning and Route Alignment Selection Criteria in the Norwegian Context. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 471 (6):062007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaylord K. Booto; Reyn O Born; Babak Ebrahimi; Hrefna Vignisdottir; Helge Brattebo; Kelly Pittera; Holger Wallbaum; Rolf A. Bohne. 2019. "Road Planning and Route Alignment Selection Criteria in the Norwegian Context." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471, no. 6: 062007.
The current work investigates how adding a battery of optimal capacity to a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system can improve its economic feasibility. Also, the effect of different parameters on the feasibility of the PV system was evaluated. The optimal battery capacity (OBC) was determined for different saving targets of the annual electricity consumption of the chosen building. For this aim, real electricity consumption data of a residential building in Landskrona, Sweden, was used as energy consumption profile. A Solar World SW325XL, which is a monocrystalline solar panel, was selected as PV panel. The calculations were performed under the metrological and economic conditions of southern Sweden. Different working parameters (WPs) were considered (prices of the battery, feed-in tariffs, and saving targets). The performed calculations show that the optimal battery capacity (OBC), in which the payback time (PBT) of the system is maximized, strongly depends on the WP. The proper selection of the battery can considerably increase the economic feasibility of the PV system in southern Sweden. However, in some cases, using battery can have a negative impact on the PBT of the system. The results show that the electricity price, the module price, the inverter price, and the inverter lifetime have the highest effect on the PBT.
Mohamad Kharseh; Holger Wallbaum. How Adding a Battery to a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Can Increase its Economic Performance: A Comparison of Different Scenarios. Energies 2018, 12, 30 .
AMA StyleMohamad Kharseh, Holger Wallbaum. How Adding a Battery to a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Can Increase its Economic Performance: A Comparison of Different Scenarios. Energies. 2018; 12 (1):30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad Kharseh; Holger Wallbaum. 2018. "How Adding a Battery to a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Can Increase its Economic Performance: A Comparison of Different Scenarios." Energies 12, no. 1: 30.
Proactive maintenance strategies in principle are devised to control degradation and sustain optimal performance of building components. While realizing the technical necessities, they also serve as an instrument towards multiple and often conflicting objectives during financial constraints. An optimal proactive maintenance strategy therefore should comprise a multiannual maintenance action plan optimized on different criteria corresponding to owners’ objectives under existing constraints. This study offers a systematic approach based on a condition-deterioration model to address the complexity involved in decision making regarding optimized maintenance and renovation planning. Life-cycle cost analysis in form of Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) is used for the economic assessment of maintenance/renovation scenarios. In this paper, the model is used to compare the economy of different maintenance/renovation plans in a chosen scenario in order to determine the optimal maintenance interval for a single and a combination of building components. Two façade elements, windows and façade rendering, are used to illustrate the application of the proposed method. This method is intended to help decision makers at both design and post-construction phases in the choice of both building components and maintenance/renovation strategies.
Abolfazl Farahani; Holger Wallbaum; Jan-Olof Dalenbäck. Optimized maintenance and renovation scheduling in multifamily buildings – a systematic approach based on condition state and life cycle cost of building components. Construction Management and Economics 2018, 37, 139 -155.
AMA StyleAbolfazl Farahani, Holger Wallbaum, Jan-Olof Dalenbäck. Optimized maintenance and renovation scheduling in multifamily buildings – a systematic approach based on condition state and life cycle cost of building components. Construction Management and Economics. 2018; 37 (3):139-155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbolfazl Farahani; Holger Wallbaum; Jan-Olof Dalenbäck. 2018. "Optimized maintenance and renovation scheduling in multifamily buildings – a systematic approach based on condition state and life cycle cost of building components." Construction Management and Economics 37, no. 3: 139-155.