Reproductive efficiency is a critical determinant of productivity and profitability in sheep farming. Traditional selection methods have largely relied on phenotypic traits and historical reproductive records, which are often limited by subjectivity and delayed feedback. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), including video tracking, wearable sensors, and machine learning (ML) algorithms, offer new opportunities to identify behavior-based indicators linked to key reproductive traits such as estrus, lambing, and maternal behavior. This review synthesizes the current research on AI-powered behavioral monitoring tools and proposes a conceptual model, ReproBehaviorNet, that maps age- and sex-specific behaviors to biological processes and AI applications, supporting real-time decision-making in both intensive and semi-intensive systems. The integration of accelerometers, GPS systems, and computer vision models enables continuous, non-invasive monitoring, leading to earlier detection of reproductive events and greater breeding precision. However, the implementation of such technologies also presents challenges, including the need for high-quality data, a costly infrastructure, and technical expertise that may limit access for small-scale producers. Despite these barriers, AI-assisted behavioral phenotyping has the potential to improve genetic progress, animal welfare, and sustainability. Interdisciplinary collaboration and responsible innovation are essential to ensure the equitable and effective adoption of these technologies in diverse farming contexts.

Reproductive efficiency is a critical determinant of productivity and profitability in sheep farming. Traditional selection methods have largely relied on phenotypic traits and historical reproductive records, which are often limited by subjectivity and delayed feedback. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), including video tracking, wearable sensors, and machine learning algorithms, provide new opportunities to identify behavior-based indicators linked to key reproductive traits such as estrus, lambing, and maternal behavior. This review synthesizes current research on the use of AI-powered behavioral monitoring tools to enhance selection accuracy and breeding outcomes. The integration of accelerometers, GPS systems, and computer vision models enables continuous, non-invasive monitoring of individual animals, allowing for the early detection of reproductive events and maternal performance. We also present a conceptual model, ReproBehaviorNet, that maps age and sex specific behaviors to bio-logical processes and AI applications, supporting real-time decision-making in both intensive and semi-intensive systems. This approach not only improves breeding pre-cision and genetic progress but also contributes to better animal welfare and sustainable management. Our findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and data-driven tools in the evolution of livestock selection strategies.

Animal welfare education requires pedagogical models that bridge conceptual knowledge with practice. This study presents GamifyWELL, a biomimetic, gamified learning environment for students, farmers, and veterinary technicians. Grounded in ecological principles of adaptation, diversification, and niche specialization, the design emulates how living systems evolve through feedback and cooperation. These principles were translated into an instructional model that integrates a core pathway (Pre-Test, Levels 1–4, Post-Test) with optional enrichment tasks and a role-specific Reward Marketplace. Question formats are constant across levels (MCQ, image-based, video-based) while cognitive difficulty increases, culminating in Positive Welfare scenarios. We describe the learning design structure and report preliminary implementation observations using a mixed-methods evaluation plan (pre/post knowledge assessments and engagement indicators). Results from early deployment indicate strong usability and engagement, with high voluntary uptake of enrichment tasks and positive learner feedback on role-tailored rewards; full empirical testing is in progress. Findings support the feasibility and pedagogical promise of biomimetic gamification to enhance knowledge, motivation, and intended practice in animal welfare education. GamifyWELL offers a replicable framework for nature-inspired instructional design that can be extended to allied sustainability domains.

Gamification is one of the new trend in software development and it has already gained a well-deserved popularity in finance, healthcare, education and even manufacturing. Software testing is a continuous cycle layered with several stages and spanning across multiple types of testing. Teams need to design test suites and implement test execution methodologies in each stage of development. For this reason, software testing teams comprise many individuals skilled in different aspects of software testing. The inclusion of gamification in this course can lead to positive benefits based on the idea that it is used to influence behavior. This paper presents an preliminary study of Machine Learning (ML) approach for predicting performance gamification of software tester specialists under a gamified testing environment. ImonaGame is a software company that delivers gamification as a service for software testing team of 30 members with different static and dynamic data. User behavior collected in dynamic data sets was classified into categories by deconstructing complex activities into behavior chains using supervision of domain experts. The classification approach was centered on the system’s testing processes’ performance objectives and potential for encouragement or dissuasion. Motivators and obstacles for the target activity and its behaviors will be found when the model has been developed. After conducting preliminary research, it is possible to determine whether gameful design is an effective and efficient tactic for achieving the desired result by analyzing needs, motives, and obstacles. The source data was classified target data in four categories such as I: Static feature (personal information; 4), II: Daily feature (gamification elements; 14), III: Mission feature (points; 7 sources) and IV: Cumulative futures (Sum of daily and mission features; 13).