It is important to improve the liquid lead corrosion resistance of fuel cladding alloy for promoting the development of lead-based reactors. The corrosion behaviors of traditional T91 steel and similar oxide dispersion strengthen ODS-type steels with or without the addition of Al, and were examined and compared at 600 °C in static oxygen-controlled liquid Pb in this research. High-temperature liquid lead corrosion tests were carried out for 120 h, 240 h, 500 h, 1000 h, and 2000 h, respectively, for three prepared samples. After the experiment, the corrosion behavior was evaluated and compared mainly based on the aspects of appearance, corrosion depth, microstructure, and composition difference. It was found that just the ODS design did not show a positive effect on corrosion resistance, while the addition of Al is beneficial to improving the corrosion resistance of ODS steel. The maximum corrosion depth of 9CrAl ODS is only 51.8 μm after corrosion for 2000 h, which is much lower than that of 9Cr-ODS steel. A thin film containing Al/Cr formed in the corrosion area after adding Al in 9Cr ODS steel, which played a positive role in corrosion resistance.

先进铅冷快堆和加速器驱动次临界系统商业化的关键材料问题是结构材料与铅基冷却剂之间的相容性问题, 结构钢材料需要在高温液态铅铋共晶中具有优异的抗腐蚀能力. 含铝强化奥氏体钢(alumina-forming austenite steel, AFA钢)因其表面可以形成Al₂O₃膜而在极端环境中具有良好的耐蚀性能. 本文研究了降低Ni元素成分和高温预氧化对AFA钢耐铅铋腐蚀性能的影响, 利用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱仪、X射线衍射技术, 对AFA钢在550 ℃液态铅铋饱和溶氧条件下腐蚀600 h的氧化层形貌及结构进行表征. 结果表明: 降低合金中Ni含量和高温预氧化处理都会促进样品表面形成保护性Al₂O₃氧化膜, 进而降低腐蚀层厚度, 提升材料耐铅铋腐蚀性能.

Five carbide powders, TiC, Cr₃C₂, ZrC, NbC and SiC, were selected as raw materials and mixed by dry or wet milling. Then (TiCrZrNb)C₄-SiC multiphase ceramics were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1900 °C, using D-HECs-1900 (dry milling method) and W-HECs-1900 (wet milling method), respectively. In this study, the effects of the ball milling method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the multiphase high-entropy ceramics were systematically investigated. Compared to D-HECs-1900, W-HECs-1900 has a more uniform elemental distribution and smaller grain size, with an average grain size of 1.8 μm, a higher Vickers hardness HV_0.1 = 2178.41 kg/mm² and a higher fracture toughness of K_IC = 4.42 MPa·m^1/2. W-HECs-1900 also shows better wear resistance with a wear rate 1.01 × 10⁻⁸ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹. The oxide friction layer formed during friction is beneficial for reducing frictional wear, making W-HECs-1900 a potential wear-resistant material.

High-entropy carbides (HECs), specifically (TiZrNbTa)Cx with an average grain size of 0.5 μm and uniformly distributed in-situ carbon nanoflakes, were prepared via wet milling at room temperature followed by hot pressing at 1900°C. The microstructure and mechanical properties of these high-entropy ceramics were systematically investigated. The formation of in-situ carbon nanoflakes is attributed to the introduction of oxygen during wet milling. During sintering, oxygen substitutes for carbon in the high-entropy carbides, leading to carbon enrichment and ultimately resulting in the formation of in-situ carbon nanoflakes. This interpretation is supported by the observation that the carbon nanoflake content increased after aging the ceramic at 1200°C in a vacuum furnace for 10 hours, as further substitution of oxygen for carbon occurred. The fracture toughness of sintered (TiZrNbTa)Cx was measured to be above 6.22 MPa• m^{1/2} by the indentation method, showing excellent toughness performance, owing to its fine grain size and in-situ formed carbon nanoflakes.