The densification of orchards has become a viable alternative for producers seeking a greater use of current area, as well as greater profitability. In this sense, the spacing and training system to be used in the peach tree planting are extremely important to facilitate orchard management and, above all, to maximize tree yield. Based on this, the present research aimed to evaluate the possibility of orchard densification and the use of different numbers of main scaffolds to recommend the best way of training and spacing the ‘BRS Rubimel’ peach cultivar. The planting was carried out in 2010, in the city of Fraiburgo - SC, and eight treatments with different spacings between the plants in the rows and number of scaffolds were evaluated during four harvests (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016): T1- 2 scaffolds and 0.75 m; T2- 2 scaffolds and 1.00 m; T3- 2 scaffolds and 1.25 m; T4- 2 scaffolds and 1.50 m; T5- 4 scaffolds and 1.00 m; T6- 4 scaffolds and 1.50 m; T7- 4 scaffolds and 1.75 m; T8- 4 scaffolds and 2.00 m, totaling a plant density of 2667, 2000, 1600, 1333, 2000, 1333, 1143 and 1000 per hectare, respectively. The analyzed variables were the number of fruits per plant, production per plant (kg); productivity (t ha-1); fresh fruit mass (g), total soluble solids content (ºBrix), total acidity (meq L-1), epidermal coloring and pulp firmness (pounds). The highest yields were found in the treatment with two scaffolds and 0.75m between plants, as well as that with 4 scaffolds in 1.0 m spacing in the 2014 and 2015 crops and two scaffolds in 1.0m in the 2015 harvest. The fresh mass, soluble solids, total acidity and fruit firmness were not influenced by the different treatments. It was concluded that the densification of orchards is feasible for peach trees of the ‘BRS Rubimel’ cultivar due to the increase in productivity, without decreasing the quality of the fruits, indicating a spacing of 0.75 cm between plants and two scaffolds in the “Y-shape” as ideal. Another option with good results is the use of the four-scaffold “Y-shaped” training system, indicated for the ‘BRS Rubimel’ peach trees, due to the maintenance of high yields and reduction in the number of plants per hectare when compared to treatments with two scaffolds.

This study presents a pioneering investigation into the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for in vitro rooting of ‘Marubakaido’ apple tree rootstocks, marking the first report of this approach in the literature. The research evaluates the effects of four distinct light sources: blue LED (450 nm), red LED (660 nm), a combination of red and blue LEDs, and traditional fluorescent lamps as a control. Mini-cuttings were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with reduced nutrient concentrations, supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and sucrose. The explants were incubated under controlled conditions for 30 days, enabling a comprehensive assessment of the impact of different light sources on various growth metrics. The results revealed that blue LEDs significantly enhanced dry mass accumulation in seedlings compared to both red LEDs and fluorescent lamps, demonstrating their superior effectiveness in promoting plant growth. The use of LEDs not only improves seedling development but also offers economic advantages over fluorescent lamps. LEDs are characterized by high luminous efficiency, low energy consumption, and a long operational lifespan, which collectively reduce costs in plant production systems. This research advances the understanding of light-mediated effects on plant tissue culture and highlights the potential of combining blue and red LEDs as a viable alternative to fluorescent lighting. These findings could revolutionize practices in horticulture and plant propagation, providing a more efficient and sustainable approach to in vitro cultivation.

O carvão ativado (CA) consiste em um material baseado em carbono, com uma estrutura porosa interna bem desenvolvida, com grande área superficial, sendo um adsorvente muito popular utilizado para tratamento de água e efluentes. O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor de cerveja do mundo, em razão da grande quantidade de resíduos gerados por esse ramo industrial, assim várias alternativas são propostas para utilização dos resíduos, uma delas é a produção de CA com o bagaço do malte. Para avaliar o bagaço do malte como precursor para o CA ele foi comparado a outros resíduos agroindustriais que são utilizados como precursores para o CA, como o resíduo da produção de café e a casca de laranja. Foi comparado também o tipo de ativação física e química para a obtenção do CA e a capacidade de adsorção, fenômeno físico químico em que o componente de uma fase gasosa ou líquida são transferidos para uma superfície sólida. Os componentes que se juntam a fase sólida são chamados de adsorbatos e o componente que retêm a fase líquida é chamado de adsorvente (CA). O bagaço do malte como precursor para o CA se mostrou como uma alternativa promissora pelos resultados atingidos em comparação com outros resíduos agroindustriais e por ser uma alternativa barata e com muita disponibilidade de resíduo.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas e sensoriais de espumantes produzidos a partir de uvas Vitis rotundifolia utilizando o método tradicional com adição de diferentes formulações de licor de expedição. As variedades avaliadas foram ‘Regale’ e ‘Noble’, de acordo com os tratamentos: T1- Testemunha (próprio espumante); T2- 20g. L-1 de açúcar; T3- 20 g.L-1 de açúcar+ suco de amora; T4- 20 g.L-1 de açúcar + suco da própria variedade (‘Regale’/ ‘Noble’); T5- 20 g.L-1 de açúcar+ 0,2 g.L-1 de ácido cítrico, quanto a composição físico-química e sensorial. Os maiores valores de acidez total foram nos vinhos espumantes do T5, para ambas as variedades. Os espumantes de ‘Noble’ apresentaram maior teor alcoólico em relação a ‘Regale’. Nos aspectos físico-químicos, os espumantes elaborados com uvas V. rotundifolia apresentaram diferentes teores de açúcares totais culminando em diferentes classificações. Sensorialmente os espumantes de ‘Regale’ se destacaram em relação aos de ‘Noble’ para a persistência de espuma. Em relação à avaliação global os espumantes de ‘Noble’ obtiveram maior aceitação por parte dos avaliadores, independente da composição do licor de expedição. Os espumantes obtidos a partir de ‘Noble’ receberam melhor avaliação global.

Agronomic performance of different types of Chardonnay, Malbec, Merlot and Sauvignon Blanc vines grafted on ‘1103 Paulsen’ rootstock were evaluated after planting in Videira-SC. The treatment factors tested were the variety scions and grafted plants: RN – year-old bare root produced by omega grafting, EV – year-old bare root rootstock grafted in the summer, EI – rootstock cuttings rooted first in pots and then planted in the field at the end of spring and grafted in the following winter, FE - rootstock cuttings incubated for callusing and grafted just after the emission of first roots and then planted in the field, BI – year-old bare root rootstocks planted in the field in the winter and then grafted in the following winter, BE –year-old bare root rootstocks grafted and planted in the field after the scion buds started sprouting. The study was carried out as a randomized block experimental design. The ‘Chardonnay’ variety showed slower growth compared to the others, regardless of the grafted plant used. It is possible to implement commercial vineyards using all the types of grafted plants evaluated. The vines produced by BE, RN and FE presented a higher survival rate after being planted in the field.

This study presents a novel investigation into the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for the in vitro rooting of 'Marubakaido' apple tree rootstocks, marking the first time this approach has been reported in the literature. The research compares four different light sources: blue LED (450 nm), red LED (660 nm), a combination of red and blue LEDs, and traditional fluorescent lamps as a control. Mini-cuttings were inoculated in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with reduced nutrient concentrations and supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and sucrose. The explants were incubated under controlled conditions for 30 days, allowing for a thorough evaluation of the effects of different light sources on various growth metric. The study found that blue LEDs significantly increased dry mass accumulation seedlings compared to both red LEDs and fluorescent lamps, demonstrating the effectiveness of LEDs in promoting plant growth. Utilizing LEDs not only enhances seedling development but also offers economic benefits over fluorescent lamps. LEDs are known for their high luminous efficiency, low energy consumption, and long lifespan, which can lead to reduced operational costs in plant production systems. This research not only contributes to the understanding of light effects on plant tissue culture but also suggests that the combination of blue and red LEDs can serve as a viable alternative to fluorescent lamps, potentially transforming practices in the field of horticulture and plant propagation.