Purpose: to determine management problems of ovarian masses in girls in order to form a baseline for prospective randomized studies of the established topics and quality improvement of our management. Materials and Methods: We performed a national analysis of clinical aspects of ovarian masses in girls operated on in Poland, analyzed retrospectively medical files of all consecutive patients aged 0–18 who underwent surgeries for ovarian lesions between 2012 and 2017 at 17 pediatric surgical departments and complemented the analysis with a scoping review of a recent primary research related to ovarian masses in children. Results: The study group comprised 595 patients. Forty-four (7.39%) girls were diagnosed with malignant tumors. The overall preservation rate was 64.54%. The analysis revealed that positive tumor markers (OR = 10.3), lesions larger than 6 cm (OR = 4.17) and solid mass on ultrasound examination (OR = 5.34) are interdependent variables differentiating malignant tumors from non-malignant lesions (${\mathcal{X}}_4^2$ = 79.1; p = 0.00000). Our scoping review revealed 10 major branches of research within the topic of ovarian masses in pediatric population. Conclusions: We have developed an overview of the field with the emphasis on the local environment. Our next step is a multi-institutional prospective study of a quality improvement project implementation based on the obtained knowledge.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has rapidly emerged as a transformative tool in medicine, enabling the conversion of two-dimensional scans into highly accurate 3D models. This technology, especially when combined with artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced materials, offers numerous applications in surgical planning, simulation-based training, and patient-specific care. Methods: This review examines current literature and case studies on the use of 3D printing technology in various fields of medicine, especially in surgical specialties. Key applications include surgical planning, mock surgeries, biopsy guide creation, and customized implant fabrication across various surgical fields. Results: 3D printing is transforming surgery by enabling precise visualization of tumors and critical structures, significantly enhancing preoperative planning for conditions such as bone, soft tissue (e.g., neuroblastomas), renal, and maxillofacial tumors. In reconstruction surgeries, patient-specific 3D-printed implants ensure better anatomical compatibility, particularly in maxillofacial, neurosurgical, and vascular applications. Puncture guides improve procedural accuracy in interventions like percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Detailed anatomical models aid in simulation-based training, increasing preparedness for complex procedures. Additionally, patient-specific implants and AI-integrated decision support systems are paving the way for more personalized and efficient surgical care. Conclusions: 3D printing technology, especially when combined with AI, is reshaping modern surgery by improving both accuracy, safety, and personalized healthcare. Its applications extend across multiple specialties, offering new possibilities in surgical planning, training, and patient-specific treatments. As AI and bioprinting continue to evolve, the potential for real-time applications, such as live-printed tissue implants and enhanced decision support, could drive the next phase of innovation in various fields.

Introduction: The preoperative correction of the hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alcalosis in children with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is essential to optimal outcome. Aim: The main aim of the study was the assessment of the implementation of hospital guidelines for intravenous fluid therapy in children with IHPS. Material and methods: In our Department, at the beginning of 2018 hospital guidelines for intravenous fluid therapy in children were implemented. Two internal audits were performed and surgeons’ compliance with the current recommendations was evaluated. We assessed: the type of fluid transfused, a rate of transfusion and whether saline bolus was given. The study group consisted of 50 patients. Results and discussion: After new guidelines were implemented, appropriate iv fluid was given to 68.7% of children compared to 5.1% before implementation (P = 0.0001). Proper transfusion rate was used in 44.1% of patients before introduction of new guidelines and in 81.2% after that (P = 0.01). Second audit showed that all children had received the recommended iv fluid (P = 0.007) at a good transfusion rate (P = 0.02). In patients who had received the recommended iv fluid, the length of hospital stay after surgery (P = 0.023) and the total length of stay (P = 0.018) were shorter. Conclusions: The new guidelines have raised the level of the whole care for children with pyloric stenosis. The internal audits played an important role in their implementation.