Jacek Lubkowski received his Ph.D. from the University of Gdansk, Poland, in 1991, specializing in physical and theoretical chemistry. Following the defense of his dissertation, he spent 6 months as a visiting scientist in the laboratory of Professor Z. Kosturkiewicz (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland), extending his expertise in small molecule X-ray crystallography. In 1992, as a postdoctoral fellow, Dr. Lubkowski joined the Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory (MCL), headed by Dr. Alexander Wlodawer. In 1999, he was promoted to staff scientist. In 2001, Dr. Lubkowski became chief of the Macromolecular Assembly and Cell Signaling Section, MCL. In 2003, he was appointed as an adjunct assistant professor in the Department of Biochemistry at George Washington University (Washington, DC).