The gas nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in several biological processes in plants, including growth, development, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Salinity has received increasing attention from scientists as an abiotic stressor that can seriously harm plant growth and crop yields. Under saline conditions, plants produce NO, which can alleviate salt-induced damage. Here, we summarize NO synthesis during salt stress and describe how NO is involved in alleviating salt stress effects through different strategies, including interactions with various other signaling molecules and plant hormones. Finally, future directions for research on the role of NO in plant salt tolerance are discussed. This summary will serve as a reference for researchers studying NO in plants.

Reversible protein phosphorylation, known as the “switch” of the cell, is controlled by protein kinases (PKs) and protein phosphatases (PPs). Based on substrate specificity, PPs are classified into protein serine/threonine phosphatases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs can dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine. In plants, PTPs monitor plant physiology, growth, and development. This review summarizes an overview of the PTPs’ classification and describes how PTPs regulate various plant processes, including plant growth and development, plant hormone responses, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Then, future research directions on the PTP family in plants are discussed. This summary will serve as a reference for researchers studying PTPs in plants.

Pineapple is one of the most important crops in tropical and subtropical areas. However, its production has been seriously impacted by the issue of fruit translucency in the past several decades. Fruit translucency is a physiological disorder of pineapple flesh with water-soaked core which results in a decline in pineapple quality. It has become a significant challenge for the sustainability of pineapple industry. Currently, the cause and pathophysiological development of pineapple translucency still have not been fully understood. The preventative and remedial measurements on the disease have yet to be effectively implemented in the production process. This review provides comprehensive information and the latest research progress on the possible pathogenesis, initiating factors, preventive and control practices, and detection techniques for pineapple translucency. Furthermore, the progress of research on apple and pear fruit translucency in recent years is reviewed and compared with pineapple translucency. The review offers theoretical guidance and insightful knowledge for the investigation of pineapple translucency disease.

Flowering is a pivotal developmental transition in the life cycle of plants, and the precise timing of this process is crucial for successful reproduction. The flowering mechanism of the pineapple is influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental conditions and cultivation methods. Once pineapple plants have reached a certain number of leaves, the timing of floral bud differentiation can be regulated by applying plant growth regulators. This facilitates staggered fruit production and enables a balanced year-round supply. The timing, quantity and quality of floral bud differentiation directly affect pineapple fruit quality and yield, and also significantly impact the economic and social benefits of the pineapple industry. This paper provides a systematic review of the morphological characteristics of flowers, the patterns of floral bud differentiation, the mechanisms underlying natural and induced flowering, and the key factors influencing flowering in pineapples. This review establishes a theoretical foundation for regulating fruiting periods and optimising high-quality, high-efficiency cultivation practices.

Pineapple is widely favored by consumers for its rich proteins, vitamin C and other nutrients. Soluble solids content (SSC) has long been the core indicator for pineapple quality assessment, directly affecting its market acceptability and sales. To accurately detect pineapple SSC, this study used a hyperspectral imaging system to collect hyperspectral images in the 400–1700 nm range, with SSC measured by an Atago PAL-1 digital sugar meter as the reference. Five pretreatments (including multiple scattering correction (MSC), polynomial smoothing (SG) and mathematical transformations) were applied to raw spectral data, and three prediction models (partial least squares regression (PLSR), Lasso regression, ridge regression (RR)) were established. All models performed well: PLSR showed R²=0.9459 and RMSE = 0.5746, Lasso R²=0.8965 and RMSE = 1.0221, RR R²=0.8560 and RMSE = 1.2632. After screening characteristic bands via Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) and re-modeling, the ddA-PLSR model was optimal (R²=0.9869, RMSE = 0.1250), with four key wavelengths (673-676nm, 711-715nm, 971-990nm, 1357-1367nm) extracted. This confirms hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables efficient and accurate SSC detection in pineapples, with great application potential in pineapple quality identification.