Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the most efficient oil-producing crop globally, yet progress in its research has been hampered by the lack of effective genetic transformation systems. The EPSPS gene, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, has been used as a transgenic selection marker in various crops, including rice and soybean. This study evaluated the EPSPS/glyphosate selection system for oil palm transformation. We constructed a binary expression vector, pCGlyDESCLI-C, containing the TIPS-EiEPSPS selection marker from goosegrass and the mScarlet-I red fluorescent reporter gene. This vector was introduced into oil palm embryonic callus (EC) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. After optimizing the transformation steps, positive calli were obtained, and integration of the foreign gene into the oil palm genome was confirmed through molecular analysis. Notably, the selection efficiency of the EPSPS/glyphosate selection system exceeded that of the traditional hpt/hygromycin selection system, demonstrating its advantages. Our findings support the effectiveness of the TIPS-EiEPSPS/glyphosate selection system for oil palm genetic transformation, marking its first application in this species and offering a valuable tool for advancing research on this economically significant crop.

Through the analysis of the common types of trash can and considering the shortcomings of traditional trash can in garbage classification, this paper designs a safe and energy-saving intelligent trash can based on STC89C54 Microcontroller Unit (MCU) as microprocessor. The trash can is underpinned by six modules: solar power supply module, infrared detection module, key module, ultrasonic ranging module, temperature detection module and display module. It carries a controllable telescopic cutter which is convenient for opening the sealing film of the beverage cup, with a view to realize the automatic opening and closing of the trash can cover, equipped with the functions of real-time measurement, display and alarm of the height and temperature of garbage in the trash can. Compared with the traditional trash can, its functions are comprehensive and easy to realize, with a good application prospect.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE)—the reprogramming of somatic cells to follow an embryogenic pathway—remains inefficient in the tropical monocot areca palm (Areca catechu L.) due to poorly understood constraints on cell fate transition. Using single-factor and orthogonal experiments, we investigated how plant growth regulators (PGRs), nitrogen source, and carbon supply regulate the acquisition of embryogenic competence. The optimal condition (Y3 medium + 6-BA + TDZ + 30 g/L sucrose) yielded a somatic embryo induction rate of 48.62%, more than six-fold higher than that of the unoptimized control. Cytologically, embryogenic callus consisted of small, densely cytoplasmic cells with large, centrally positioned nuclei with decondensed chromatin (i.e., loosely packed, transcriptionally active chromatin) and minimal vacuolation—hallmarks of meristematic, embryogenic-competent cells—whereas non-embryogenic callus contained large, highly vacuolated irregular cells. Histological tracking revealed that areca somatic embryos faithfully recapitulate the zygotic developmental program, including bipolarity establishment and procambium differentiation. Mechanistically, we show that the 6-BA + TDZ combination likely acts by inducing endogenous auxin synthesis; moderate ammonium supply (Y3 medium, NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ ratio 3.6:1) minimizes browning; and 30 g/L sucrose provides optimal energy supply and osmotic regulation. This optimized SE system establishes a tractable model for studying somatic cell reprogramming in a woody monocot.