The discovery by researchers that the physio-chemical properties of a substance can be influenced by size led to a realization of the importance of Nano particles. Due to its excellent characteristics, these materials have been a source of interest for researchers in multidisciplinary fields. The morphological features of nanoparticles always garner prodigious attention because of the influence morphology has over most of the Nanoparticles’ properties. This review provides insight to the morphological characterization and physio-chemical of its properties.

The recent urbanisation in the developing nations of the world, rise in population, increase in human activities. Pattern of production and consumption has resulted to generation of huge amount of waste that must be properly disposed, treated and managed to ensure sustainable environment and a decent living for the increased population. The current waste management practices are not effective and efficient enough to handle the rise in waste level. The traditional approachhas led to this challenge. This paper deals with a systematic review of existing literatures, identifying and characterizing active research activities on smart waste bin that will allow effective waste management. There is a great need for deployment of this Smart technology on a large scale in the developing nations of the world for a sustainable healthy and clean environment. However, the cost of applying such solutions is still relatively high.

The effects of temperature and time variances on nano-additives treatment of mild steel during machining was presented in this study. Mild steel of 150 kg mass containing 0.56% carbon was charged into the furnace at melting and pouring temperature of 1539 and 1545 °C respectively. Also charged into the furnace with the mild steel were 0.05% max phosphorous and a bit of sulphur. Thereafter, the sample was cooled and annealed at a temperature of 900 °C for 9 h and then cooled to 300 °C of hardening, normalizing and tempering respectively. The treated samples were then soaked with pulverized in palm kernel shell and barium carbonate (20%) energizer at respective temperatures (800, 850, 900 and 950 °C) and time variances (60, 90 and 120 min) in a muffle furnace. The developed tool was tested on a lathe machine to evaluate its performance. The surface and core hardness, wear resistance and toughness were carried out using the hardness tester, Rotopol-V and impact tester respectively. This is essential for predicting the useful life of the tool in service.

Investigation of optimum carburizing temperature and holding time on bi- nano additives treatment of AISI 5130 steel was presented in this study. AISI 5130 steel of 100 kg mass of 0.35% carbon content was buried in pulverized additives consisting of palm kernel and coconut shell using eggshell as an energizer. Four sets of 150×150×150 mm3 steel boxes packed with additives mixed at varying weight ratio of 50: 30:20 and sixty-four pieces of 20×20×5 mm3 AISI 5130 steel were case hardened using muffle furnace (2500 °C max capacity) at respective temperatures and time of 950, 1000, 1050, 1100 °C and 60, 90, 120, 180 min. The core, interface and surface hardness of the treated samples with their respective weight loss, wear volume and rate were investigated. This dataset could be used in nano-composite match mixed ratio and optimization of carburizing medium and time for any industrial used case hardened steel.

Iron oxide bearing wastes (IOBS) are produced at every part of processing stage of sinter, molten iron and steel production. They are hard to handle and in many cases are stockpiled only to be a source of environmental pollution. However, they can be balled into pellets. Pellets characterized by...