The World Health Organization recommends that children and adolescents aged 5‐17 should engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity a day. Physical activity is defined as bodily movement performed by skeletal muscles that demand energy expenditure. The physical benefits of this include musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health, a healthy body weight and neuromuscular awareness, for coordination and controlling movement. The psychological benefits include managing anxiety and building self‐esteem, which are both important for children’s psycho‐social development (1).

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits in social communication, interaction, and stereotypical behaviours. Children with ASD have not enough opportunities to participate in physical activity (PA), which lead to increase fitness and health problem. The aim of this study was to compare two programs on motor skills. In the current investigation, 30 high functioning autistic children were diagnosed by a psychiatrist and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The evaluation tools included the Brininx-Oresetsky Test (BOT) and a program named “I can have physical literacy” (ICPL) and Sport, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids (SPARK). The experimental intervention groups received sixteen sessions of 60 min, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the difference between the groups. Post-hoc test was used to compare pairs of groups. Results showed that the experimental ICPL and Spark groups had increased motor skills (MS). There were significant differences between groups on gross motor skills. There were significant differences between the control and experimental ICPL groups, and between the experimental Spark and experimental ICPL groups. Both of these programs increased MS. ICPL program that address the characteristics of children with ASD, have a positive effect on their MS.

Introduction: The study of body measurements and proportions by anthropometry is important for the identification of young talents in swimming. Therefore, the aim of this study was to a) compare the physical performance profile of swimmers on land and in water and b) understand the relationship between anthropometric and physical performance tests. Methods: To this end, 31 anthropometric variables were determined in 6 male (n=3) and female (n=3) swimmers using the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocols and VO2max laboratory tests. Body fractionation (adipose, muscle, bone, residual, and skin tissue masses) was determined using the validated Kerr & Ross five-way fractionation model for body composition. Data analysis included the person correlation coefficient. Results: The swimming performance test was positively strongly correlated with body height, seat height, arm span, shoulder and pelvic width, and arm and leg length (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, these studies reveal some potential key anthropometric factors in the performance of active swimmers. These results support the view that while swimmers have unique anthropometric profiles, more successful swimmers tend to have greater arm spans. Conclusion: These results suggest that anthropometric characteristics are important in swimming performance. This study concluded that improvement in swimming performance is strongly related to anthropometric and kinanthropometric profiles.

Introduction: This study aims to comprehensively investigate the anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of elite Turkish national jumpers specializing in high jump, long jump, pole vault, and triple jump disciplines. Recognizing the fundamental significance of body composition and somatotype in athletic performance, the research delves into the intricate interplay between these attributes, and competitive accomplishments. Methods: Leveraging a cohort of 13 national athletes, comprising six females and seven males, the methodology involves the application of standardized anthropometric measurements and the Heath-Carter method for somatotype assessment. Results: The outcomes illuminate distinct profiles, featuring lower body fat percentages in Turkish elite jumpers when compared to existing studies. Additionally, the study reveals gender-specific variations in muscle mass and discerns unique somatotype patterns within the cohort. Significantly, somatotype scores align with global trends observed in elite high jump athletes, emphasizing universal patterns among top-level performers. Comparative analyses with international studies further underscore commonalities in somatotype components among elite athletes. Furthermore, it was discerned that the top jumpers in both genders exhibited lower body height and body weight in comparison to their elite high-jumping counterparts. This research contributes to a refined understanding of the morphological intricacies associated with proficiency in these disciplines, offering valuable insights for optimizing training regimens. Conclusion: In summary, the study underscores the pivotal role played by anthropometric and somatotype characteristics in shaping the success of top elite Turkish national jumpers. Introducción: Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar exhaustivamente las características antropométricas y somatotípicas de los saltadores nacionales turcos de élite especializados en las disciplinas de salto de altura, salto de longitud, salto con pértiga y salto triple. Al reconocer la importancia fundamental de la composición corporal y el somatotipo en el rendimiento deportivo, la investigación profundiza en la intrincada interacción entre estos atributos y los logros competitivos. Métodos: Aprovechando una cohorte de 13 atletas nacionales, compuesta por seis mujeres y siete hombres, la metodología implica la aplicación de mediciones antropométricas estandarizadas y el método Heath-Carter para la evaluación del somatotipo. Resultados: Los resultados iluminan distintos perfiles, que presentan porcentajes de grasa corporal más bajos en saltadores de élite turcos en comparación con los estudios existentes. Además, el estudio revela variaciones específicas de género en la masa muscular y distingue patrones de somatotipo únicos dentro de la cohorte. Significativamente, las puntuaciones de somatotipo se alinean con las tendencias globales observadas en los atletas de salto de altura de élite, enfatizando los patrones universales entre los deportistas de alto nivel. Los análisis comparativos con estudios internacionales subrayan aún más los puntos en común en los componentes del somatotipo entre los atletas de élite. Además, se discernió que los mejores saltadores de ambos sexos exhibían una altura y un peso corporal más bajos en comparación con sus homólogos de élite de salto de altura. Esta investigación contribuye a una comprensión refinada de las complejidades morfológicas asociadas con el dominio de estas disciplinas, ofreciendo información valiosa para optimizar los regímenes de entrenamiento. Conclusión: En resumen, el estudio subraya el papel fundamental que desempeñan las características antropométricas y somatotípicas en la configuración del éxito de los saltadores nacionales turcos de élite.