To realize an early warning system for crowded subway passenger flow, a new calculation method of subway station distribution capacity (SSDC) in real time is proposed. First, a new concept of SSDC is defined according to the gathering and scattering process. Based on automatic fare collection (AFC) data and passenger walking time at key facilities, a real-time calculation model of SSDC has been created. Second, passenger travel characteristics are analyzed by examining two aspects: spatial distribution expressed by cross-section passenger flow and temporal distribution presented by inbound passenger flow each hour. Then, a case study of Zhujianglu Station on Nanjing Metro Line 1 shows the calculation process and verifies the validity of this method. The verification process includes two comparisons: one is to compare the SSDC and station service capacity to obtain possible crowded passenger flow, and the other is to compare the possible crowded passenger flow and the crowded data provided by Nanjing Metro. The same method could be suitable for other metro companies equipped with AFC systems.

Traffic signal control at signalised intersections in urban cities has significant impacts on traffic performance. Connected-vehicle data, which is wirelessly transmitted by individual vehicles to roadside units, produces a clearer picture of traffic. Using this source of new data, an adaptive signal-control algorithm was developed with the aim of reducing traffic delays at intersections. A certain type of traffic-state information (elapsed time, vehicle stops or queue length) was first integrated for each traffic phase to reveal current traffic conditions. Phase sequence and duration were then adjusted, with the maximum and minimum restrictions of green time. The proposed algorithm was tested in an intersection simulated in the Vissim software package and the algorithm based on elapsed time was found to perform best. A comparison of the elapsed-time-based control scheme and the optimal fixed control scheme indicated that the former scheme outperformed the latter, with lower average vehicle delays in each traffic demand case even under low connected-vehicle penetration rates and with less variance in average delay for each traffic movement in most scenarios. In summary, the proposed signal-control algorithm could improve the operation of isolated intersections efficiently and serve all traffic movements in a more impartial way.

The prominent contradiction between passenger demand and capacity in rush hours at subway stations causes inconveniences to travel and even leads to safety risks. Existing research on the cooperative control of passenger flow at stations mostly focuses on a single direction, rarely considering transfer passenger flow control. This study formulated a coordinated dynamic control strategy for multiple stations in both directions as a deterministic mathematical programming model to optimise the crowded passenger flow. The optimisation objectives were set as the warning levels of crowded passenger flow and the detention time of all passengers. The constraints included limitations on station service capacity, train capacity, and the number of people boarding trains. Additionally, considering separate control over the transfer inbound passenger flow at transfer stations, an upward- and downward-direction coordinated dynamic control model was constructed. Numerical experiments based on real-world data from the Nanjing Metro Line 1 were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative control scheme and evaluate its performance.

This study investigates the long-term performance of flexible anti-collision rings after 12 years of service on the Xiangshan Port Highway Bridge. Stepwise loading–unloading tests at multiple loading rates (0.8–80 mm/s) were performed on the anti-collision rings, with full-field strain measurement via digital image correlation (DIC) technology. The results show that: The mechanical response of the anti-collision ring shows significant asymmetric tension–compression, with the tensile peak force being 6.8 times that of compression. A modified Johnson–Cook model was developed to accurately characterize the tension–compression force–displacement behavior across varying strain rates (0.001–0.1 s⁻¹). The DIC full-field strain analysis reveals that the clamping fixture significantly influences the tensile deformation mode of the anti-collision ring by constraining its inner wall movement, thereby altering strain distribution patterns. Despite exhibiting a corrosion gradient from severe underwater degradation to minimal surface weathering, all tested rings demonstrated consistent mechanical performance, verifying the robust protective capability of the rubber coating in marine service conditions.

The prime objective of this paper was to develop the models of evaluating the passenger transfer time during the urban rail transit transfer with point transfer and channel transfer. The prevailing statistical model of multiple linear regression was applied to construct the relationships between the transfer time and the variables of transfer distance, marking sensitivity, passenger flow, and channel width. The models were calibrated with the field data collected from the cities of Nanjing and Shanghai. It revealed that the transfer distance, marking sensitivity, ratio of passenger flow and width had linear relationship with the transfer time.