Background/Objectives: Despite its long-standing recognition, the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the relationship between IGM and food intolerance, allergies, and immunological factors to shed light on its etiology. Materials and Methods: This case–control study included 32 patients with IGM and 32 healthy women. In order to examine their potential relevance to allergy and immunology, serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-4 receptor, histamine, and histamine-releasing factor (HRF) were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, serum IgG antibodies against specific food allergens were measured to evaluate food intolerance. Results: The patient group exhibited significantly higher intolerance values for lentils and curry compared to the control group (p = 0.023 and p = 0.012, respectively). Histamine (p < 0.001) and IL-4 (p = 0.003) levels were elevated in IGM patients compared to the control group, while HRF and IL-4R outcomes did not show any significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Elevated histamine and IL-4 levels may suggest the involvement of allergy and immunological factors in IGM’s etiopathogenesis. The integration of anti-histamine medications for IGM patients with elevated histamine levels could provide an alternative therapeutic strategy.

Konstipasyon, dünya genelinde yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen, tanı ve tedavisi karmaşık bir sağlık sorunudur. Hekimler, hastaların subjektif sertlik veya zorlanma tariflerinin ötesinde, kronik vakaları tanımlamak için Roma IV kriterlerini temel almaktadır; bu kriterler dışkılama sıklığı, kıvamı ve manuel manevra ihtiyacı gibi parametreleri içerir. Yaşlılık, kadın cinsiyeti ve düşük sosyoekonomik düzey gibi risk faktörlerinin yanı sıra, düşük lifli diyet ve yetersiz sıvı alımı da etyolojide önemli rol oynar. Patofizyolojik olarak kabızlık; normal geçişli, yavaş geçişli ve anorektal bölge fonksiyon bozukluğuna bağlı olmak üzere üç alt tipe ayrılırken, metabolik hastalıklar veya ilaç yan etkileri gibi ikincil nedenlerden de kaynaklanabilir. Tanı sürecinde anamnez ve fizik muayene önceliklidir; rektal kanama veya kilo kaybı gibi alarm semptomları varlığında kolonoskopi ve laboratuvar testleri kritik önem taşır. Tedavi yaklaşımı ise hasta eğitiminden başlayarak diyet değişiklikleri, kütle oluşturan, osmotik veya stimülan laksatifler gibi farmakolojik yöntemlere kadar uzanır. Dirençli vakalarda biyofeedback veya nadiren cerrahi müdahale gerekebilir. Constipation is a complex global health issue that negatively impacts quality of life, requiring a multifaceted approach to diagnosis and treatment. Physicians utilize the Rome IV criteria to define chronic cases beyond subjective patient reports of hardness or straining, incorporating parameters such as defecation frequency, consistency, and the need for manual maneuvers. Risk factors including advanced age, female gender, and low socioeconomic status, alongside low-fiber diets and inadequate hydration, play significant roles in its etiology. Pathophysically, constipation is classified into three subtypes—normal transit, slow transit, and anorectal dysfunction—though it may also stem from secondary causes like metabolic diseases or medication side effects. The diagnostic process prioritizes medical history and physical examination, where alarm symptoms such as rectal bleeding or weight loss necessitate colonoscopy and laboratory testing. Treatment strategies range from patient education and dietary modifications to pharmacological interventions like bulk-forming, osmotic, or stimulant laxatives. In resistant cases, behavioral approaches such as biofeedback or, rarely, surgical intervention may be required to manage the condition effectively.