Objectives: The general perception is that menstrual cycle is a factor related to body weight and body composition fluctuations in women. The lack of a standardized methodology of the so far conducted studies has led to controversial results. The aim of the current study is to identify if there are any changes in body weight and body composition during the menstrual cycle.Methods: In the current study measurements of body weight, circumferences, skinfolds and body composition with bioelectrical impedance analysis were conducted twice per week in 42 women during their menstrual cycle.Results: Body weight was found to be statistically significantly higher during menstruation compared to the first week of the menstrual cycle by 0.450 kg, which could be attributed to a statistically significant increase of 0.474 kg observed in extracellular water. No other statistically significant changes were observed regarding body composition.Conclusions: An increase of approximately 0.5 kg was observed during women's menstrual cycle, mostly due to extracellular fluid retention at menstruation days. These findings could be taken into account to interpret body weight and composition periodic fluctuations in women of reproductive age.

Background: Epidemiological studies on the effect of coffee intake on food consumption have yielded conflicting results. We sought to study the immediate and short-term effects of coffee consumption on food preferences, total calories, and macronutrient consumption within a specific, closely supervised experimental protocol. Methods: Twenty-one normal-weight volunteers completed this crossover, randomized, controlled study. Each volunteer took part in two trials consuming (a) 200 mL of instant coffee providing 5 mg of caffeine/kg body weight or (b) 200 mL of water (control). In both trials, participants were offered an ad libitum lunch meal from a buffet for 30 min. Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, as well as total caloric consumption were recorded during the initial 30 min period of the experiment (immediate period) as well as during the rest of the day (short-term period). Results: Coffee intake resulted in a statistically significant lower intake of immediate and short-term carbohydrate consumption (p = 0.012 and p = 0.047), of immediate protein consumption (p = 0.019), and of short-term lipid consumption (p = 0.04) versus water consumption. As a result, the calories consumed both immediately upon coffee administration and during the rest of the day of the experiment were significantly lower (p = 0.026 and p = 0.006) in the coffee group. Conclusions: Coffee intake seems to exert an anorexigenic result that last for several hours upon its consumption, particularly for carbohydrates and lipids.