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Prof. Dr. Mario Schmidt
Institute for Industrial Ecology, Pforzheim University, Tiefenbronner Str. 65, D- 75175 Pforzheim, Germany

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0 Life Cycle Assessment
0 Resource Efficiency
0 resource depletion
0 circular economy
0 material flow cost accounting

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Resource Efficiency
material flow cost accounting
Life Cycle Assessment
resource depletion
circular economy

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Societal lca
Published: 10 October 2020 in The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
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Purpose Gold extraction in the Amazonian rainforest is accompanied by ecological threats and social grievances, but at the same time, the artisanal small-scale gold mining sector (ASGM) provides a livelihood for many people. To address this tradeoff, this paper analyzed the social aspects and their possible relations by conducting a case study based on a Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA). This study seeks to determine whether SLCA is capable of reflecting the sector. Method A literature-based guideline was used for collecting primary data during several field trips to the Tapajós Region in Brazil. This research instrument constituted the basis for information-oriented interviews and on-site observations. The SLCA categories used in this study were based on the United Nations Environment Programme and the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (UNEP/SETAC) guidelines and the categories in the Fairmined Standard. In addition, secondary data obtained from the literature were used to provide insights into the sector. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with both deductive and inductive approaches. Results and discussion This study described the social aspects of the ASGM sector in the Tapajós Region, including the absence of the state, the illegality and informality of mining operations, the remote and rural area, and the organizational structure. In addition, the extraction methods, poor working conditions, and difficult living conditions were considered. Certain characteristics of the industry like unstable payments, worker movements, and low education levels were recognized, and thus, the relations among the social categories and rebound effects were identified. Several issues were proven to be key factors: unstable payments, autonomy, and the rebound effects of excavators. Complex relations among social issues but also towards ecological and economic issues do exist. The suitability of using the SLCA to reflect the ASGM sector was tested on this basis. Conclusion In some respects, the SLCA had limitations, e.g., due to the nonlinear relation between working hours and the amount of extracted gold. The impacts of technology depend on the underlying definition that is used. The current lack of cause-effect models impedes the assessment of an overall picture that considers the relations among the social aspects and other elements of sustainability. A holistic view must be applied if ecological problems are to be solved.

ACS Style

Sally K. Springer; Bernhard G. Peregovich; Mario Schmidt. Capability of social life cycle assessment for analyzing the artisanal small-scale gold mining sector—case study in the Amazonian rainforest in Brazil. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2020, 25, 2274 -2289.

AMA Style

Sally K. Springer, Bernhard G. Peregovich, Mario Schmidt. Capability of social life cycle assessment for analyzing the artisanal small-scale gold mining sector—case study in the Amazonian rainforest in Brazil. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2020; 25 (11):2274-2289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sally K. Springer; Bernhard G. Peregovich; Mario Schmidt. 2020. "Capability of social life cycle assessment for analyzing the artisanal small-scale gold mining sector—case study in the Amazonian rainforest in Brazil." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 11: 2274-2289.

Chapter
Published: 22 September 2020 in Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management
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The representation of gold-producing processes in common life cycle assessment (LCA) databases is insufficient. The biggest problems identified are the missing data for recycling of high-value scraps and for ASM and the estimations in industrial mining. The life cycle inventories (LCI) for the latter are based on corporate reports. The data available from the company figures are always incomplete and must therefore be scaled between the different mines. This process was defined in this work as Intersystemic-Data-Scaling (IDS). An analogy is presumed here between mines, although literature shows that there are differences in mines like ore types that affect the extraction processes and thus the LCI. In the present study all the assumptions and IDS were visualized in a world map. It was found that except for energy demand and production volumes there is no flow without IDS. Finally, the actual shares of the different gold routes in the world market were estimated using literature research. When compared to the market shares used in common life cycle databases it can be seen that there are big data gaps emphasizing the importance of further data collection for the life cycle datasets for the material gold.

ACS Style

Benjamin Fritz; Mario Schmidt. Analysis of Life Cycle Datasets for the Material Gold. Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management 2020, 99 -112.

AMA Style

Benjamin Fritz, Mario Schmidt. Analysis of Life Cycle Datasets for the Material Gold. Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management. 2020; ():99-112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benjamin Fritz; Mario Schmidt. 2020. "Analysis of Life Cycle Datasets for the Material Gold." Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management , no. : 99-112.

Chapter
Published: 22 September 2020 in Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management
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This article discusses the comparability of Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) and the central role of the application purpose in a study review. According to ISO 14040, an LCA study design emerges in continuous reference to the “intended application”. Goal and scope, case-specific assumptions, as well as methodological freedoms, should be justified by their significance for the specific application purpose, e.g. for process optimization or for advice on a political issue. In contrast, our systematic review of 58 LCA studies shows that LCAs hardly name applications, and more generally, applications are difficult to reconstruct. This lack of transparency makes the LCA methodology attackable through meta-studies that ignore the problem-oriented and case-specific approach. Since these studies are valuated for different purposes by a diverse set of actors, quantification in any study that does not represent the context and purpose of its generation can disguise as much as it can enlighten. Therefore, we propose what a study should look like that is problem-solving, concrete and yet provides transferable results for other studies.

ACS Style

Maximilian Roßmann; Matthias Stratmann; Nadine Rötzer; Philipp Schäfer; Mario Schmidt. Comparability of LCAs — Review and Discussion of the Application Purpose. Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management 2020, 213 -225.

AMA Style

Maximilian Roßmann, Matthias Stratmann, Nadine Rötzer, Philipp Schäfer, Mario Schmidt. Comparability of LCAs — Review and Discussion of the Application Purpose. Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management. 2020; ():213-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maximilian Roßmann; Matthias Stratmann; Nadine Rötzer; Philipp Schäfer; Mario Schmidt. 2020. "Comparability of LCAs — Review and Discussion of the Application Purpose." Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management , no. : 213-225.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2020 in Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum
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ACS Style

Mario Schmidt. Corona and resource resilience—is efficiency still a desirable goal? Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum 2020, 28, 73 -75.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt. Corona and resource resilience—is efficiency still a desirable goal? Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum. 2020; 28 (3-4):73-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt. 2020. "Corona and resource resilience—is efficiency still a desirable goal?" Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum 28, no. 3-4: 73-75.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2020 in Resources
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Copper has always played an important role in human development. Demand for copper is going to rise, which makes its future supply a key issue for society. However, the oft-discussed declining ore grade and, therefore, the assumed enormous increase in energy demand and global warming potential could lead to a supply constraint. To develop suitable strategies to ensure copper availability, it is important to better understand the relationship between energy and ore grade and also its development. Therefore, in this paper we describe the development of the cumulative energy demand of copper production over the last eight decades and give an outlook into the future using a holistic process-based modelling approach. We also discuss how technological progress has thus far been able to offset the decreasing ore grade. However, if geological factors are becoming less favorable, technological improvements such as renewable energies are vital to keep this trend going.

ACS Style

Nadine Rötzer; Mario Schmidt. Historical, Current, and Future Energy Demand from Global Copper Production and Its Impact on Climate Change. Resources 2020, 9, 44 .

AMA Style

Nadine Rötzer, Mario Schmidt. Historical, Current, and Future Energy Demand from Global Copper Production and Its Impact on Climate Change. Resources. 2020; 9 (4):44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nadine Rötzer; Mario Schmidt. 2020. "Historical, Current, and Future Energy Demand from Global Copper Production and Its Impact on Climate Change." Resources 9, no. 4: 44.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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Fischer produces various fastening systems made of plastic and metal at its headquarters in Waldachtal. A key area in metal processing is the production of anchor bolts. They are produced by the cold forming of wires which are supplied in large coils. The cleaning of the forming machines causes considerable expense every year. Procurement and disposal of the oil are expensive. Cleaning is very labour-intensive and regularly causes production stoppages due to the associated downtimes of the machines. The aim of the interventions was therefore to minimise machine downtimes and reduce oil consumption.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Oil purification reduces costs and resource consumption. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 266 -269.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Oil purification reduces costs and resource consumption. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():266-269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Oil purification reduces costs and resource consumption." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 266-269.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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The ebm-papst Group has its headquarters in Mulfingen in the Hohenlohe district and specialises in the manufacture of electric motors and fans. At 900,000 units per year, their Hollenbach plant had reached its capacity limit for fan production.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Energy-efficient production facility and its central energy supply. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 362 -365.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Energy-efficient production facility and its central energy supply. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():362-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Energy-efficient production facility and its central energy supply." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 362-365.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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The Printing Inks Division of Zeller+Gmelin GmbH & Co. KG specialises in the production of UV-curing inks and coatings for the packaging and label printing market segment. A large portion is used for printing food packaging.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Reduced raw material losses and more precision through automated dosing. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 198 -201.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Reduced raw material losses and more precision through automated dosing. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():198-201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Reduced raw material losses and more precision through automated dosing." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 198-201.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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Protektor is specialized in production of plaster, facades and drywall profiles for modern building methods and offers the construction industry a wide range of innovative and practical solutions. These especially include products that meet stringent processing and application requirements, for example with regard to healthy living environments, sustainability and resource efficiency.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Profiled material efficiency. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 290 -293.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Profiled material efficiency. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():290-293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Profiled material efficiency." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 290-293.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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The core competence of the medium-sized company, Grieshaber GmbH & Co. KG, are precision machined parts made of non-ferrous metals and stainless steels. Their focus is on the processing of aluminium alloys in medium and large series as well as in the small series range for stainless steels. Flawless quality and the reliable fulfilment of customer requirements are essential in the production of precision parts. It is therefore necessary to continuously analyse and optimise one's own processes. In processes that have been established for many years, material and resource losses often occur that are taken for granted and the costs of which, including lost added value, are not known or are not investigated. Grieshaber therefore carried out an analysis of the material and information flow in order to reveal potential points for increasing resource efficiency.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. MIA – Material and Information Flow Analysis. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 278 -281.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. MIA – Material and Information Flow Analysis. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():278-281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "MIA – Material and Information Flow Analysis." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 278-281.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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In paint production, the raw materials such as binders, pigments and solvents are homogeneously mixed in large stainless steel containers, so-called batching tanks, and finally ground to the required grain size. At the end of a process, the batching tanks must be cleaned until residue-free, so that they can then be reused for another process.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Clean more with less: VOC-compliant container cleaning. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 174 -177.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Clean more with less: VOC-compliant container cleaning. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():174-177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Clean more with less: VOC-compliant container cleaning." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 174-177.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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The production and sale of high quality wooden stepladders for professional tradesmen have been an essential part of the product portfolio of KRÄMER GmbH for many years. In recent decades, production volumes in this area have increased significantly and production has been completely redesigned and automated using specially developed customised machines. Today, approx. 30,000 wooden stepladders are produced in a length range of one to four metres. However, as production increased, the number of rejects generated in the area of beam cutting increased disproportionately to up to approx. 30% of the purchased wood. Therefore, a primary goal was to significantly reduce the volume of rejects.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Resource-saving production of wooden stepladders. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 154 -157.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Resource-saving production of wooden stepladders. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():154-157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Resource-saving production of wooden stepladders." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 154-157.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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Many drivers have already noticed that the lighting briefly dims when starting a vehicle. Even the radio, navigation device or other electrical functions may fail for a short period of time. Technically, this phenomenon is due to the short-term high current consumption of the starter, which causes the battery voltage to drop.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Ignition current limiter replaces the backup battery concept. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 450 -453.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Ignition current limiter replaces the backup battery concept. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():450-453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Ignition current limiter replaces the backup battery concept." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 450-453.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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Cotton is one of the most intensively cultivated agricultural products in the world. Owing to the climatic requirements of a cotton plant, it is usually cultivated (up to approx. 80%) in very hot and dry areas. It is irrigated artificially in order to achieve an optimal harvest. Even today, it is becoming apparent that water shortages will be one of the biggest problems worldwide in the future, especially in regions where cotton is currently cultivated. Water is already scarce in these regions and climate change will exacerbate the situation. Another problem is the heavy use of pesticides in cotton cultivation, which are major pollutants affecting humans and nature.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Recot2® – spinning process for recycled cotton. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 122 -125.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Recot2® – spinning process for recycled cotton. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():122-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Recot2® – spinning process for recycled cotton." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 122-125.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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The Würth Elektronik Group headquartered in Niedernhall (Hohenlohe) comprises three business units. Business unit Würth Elektronik Circuit Board Technology (CBT) has established itself one of the leading printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturers in Germany. The product portfolio ranges from samples and prototypes to midsize series through to large volume orders. Electronic designers find all the conventional PCB technologies as well as many innovations and system solutions from a single source. More than 120 new PCB designs are passed through the production lines every day.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Etching agent recycling and copper recovery in an alkaline etching line. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 378 -381.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Etching agent recycling and copper recovery in an alkaline etching line. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():378-381.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Etching agent recycling and copper recovery in an alkaline etching line." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 378-381.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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August Faller GmbH & Co. KG produces folding cartons for the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry at its site in Waldkirch. These are subject to strict safety and quality requirements. With conventional printing presses, a large amount of waste paper is produced during make-ready, and the sheets required to run the press in. Faller was therefore looking for more efficient solutions for the make-ready process during small runs, which are frequently commissioned due to the trend towards individualised medicine.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. New printing technology applied to cardboard. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 162 -165.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. New printing technology applied to cardboard. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():162-165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "New printing technology applied to cardboard." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 162-165.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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Resistance spot welding remains one of the most frequently used joining processes in the automotive industry. An in-depth examination of the process is therefore necessary in order to increase both its availability and process efficiency. The existing resistance spot welding technology has now been used for several generations of vehicles. Revision of this technology has become necessary due to requirements for increasing energy efficiency in production and reducing emission values. To this end, the technology was not only put through its paces also the goal was set that the new technology should achieve maximum performance. The main developmental goals were the simplification and standardisation of the gun design, weight reduction of the pincers themselves, modularity for the integration of various components and also cost reduction of the overall design.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Resistance spot welding made easy. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 438 -441.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Resistance spot welding made easy. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():438-441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Resistance spot welding made easy." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 438-441.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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Since its foundation 100 years ago, Wörwag has been developing and producing highquality coatings for industrial applications. The company has many years of expertise in the coating of surfaces and is heavily involved with the environmental aspects of painting. The coating of industrial products is considered a comparatively inefficient process. The enormous energy consumption for coating processes is still an important factor in production in the automotive industry today.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Environmentally friendly coating using foil coating technology. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 186 -189.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Environmentally friendly coating using foil coating technology. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():186-189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Environmentally friendly coating using foil coating technology." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 186-189.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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Founded in 1904, OBE Ohnmacht & Baumgärtner GmbH & Co. KG, has its headquarters in Ispringen in the northern Black Forest and is one of the leading manufacturers of complex components manufactured by metal powder injection moulding. Since 1996 OBE has been producing tiny, highly complex metal components in series for the automotive, aerospace, telecommunications and precision engineering industries, which could not be produced by conventional methods at all, or only uneconomically. OBE is constantly setting new standards with this technology, e.g. with the development of special materials for metal injection moulding (MIM).

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. REProMag – Resource-efficient production of magnets. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 342 -345.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. REProMag – Resource-efficient production of magnets. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():342-345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "REProMag – Resource-efficient production of magnets." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 342-345.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2019 in 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management
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For over 50 years, fibre moulded parts have been pressed and cut from prefabricated mats. These moulded parts are used as acoustic and/or thermal insulation, for example in the medical, furniture, textile and aviation industries. Moulded fibre parts can be used in a wide variety of flexible applications, for example as insulating cushions, seat cushions, floor insulation in vehicles, pads in bras and as moulded solid support parts made of wood fibres.

ACS Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. Direct processing from fibre to fibre moulded part. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management 2019, 398 -401.

AMA Style

Mario Schmidt, Hannes Spieth, Christian Haubach, Christian Kühne. Direct processing from fibre to fibre moulded part. 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management. 2019; ():398-401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Schmidt; Hannes Spieth; Christian Haubach; Christian Kühne. 2019. "Direct processing from fibre to fibre moulded part." 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management , no. : 398-401.