Biomaterials have assumed a decisive role in modern medicine by enabling significant advancements in medical care practices. These materials are designed to interact with biological systems, offering substantial solutions for various medical needs. In this research, bioceramic materials consisting of a bioactive hydroxyapatite-based matrix with Ti nanoparticles, were processed as promising materials. These bioceramics were obtained using mechanical milling, uniaxial pressing, and sintering as powder processing techniques. This study evaluates the effect of Ti additions on the structural, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite ceramic material. Titanium additions were about 1, 2 and 3 wt%. The experimental results demonstrate that the biocomposite's structure has two hexagonal phases: one corresponding to the hydroxyapatite matrix and the other to the Ti as a reinforced phase. The biomaterials' microstructure is completely fine and homogeneous. The biomaterial reinforced with 1wt. % Ti exhibits the best mechanical behavior. In this context, Electrochemical tests reveal that bio-ceramics can achieve stability through an ion adsorption mechanism when exposed to a physiological electrolyte. Bioceramics, particularly those containing 1%Ti, develop their bioactivity through the formation a high-density hydroxide film during a porous sealing process at potentials around −782.71 mV, with an ionic charge transfer of 0.43x10^-9 A/cm². Finally, this biofilm behaves as a capacitor Cc = 0.18 nF/cm², resulting in lower ionic charge transfer resistance (Rct = 1.526x106 Ω-cm²) at the interface. This mechanism promotes the material’s biocompatibility for bone integration as an implant material.

Biomaterials have assumed a decisive role in modern medicine by enabling significant advancements in medical care practices. These materials are designed to interact with biological systems, offering substantial solutions for various medical needs. In this research, bioceramic materials consisting of a bioactive hydroxyapatite-based matrix with Ti nanoparticles were processed as promising materials. These bioceramics were obtained using mechanical milling, uniaxial pressing, and sintering as powder processing techniques. This study evaluates the effect of Ti additions on the structural, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite ceramic material. Titanium additions were about 1, 2 and 3 wt%. The experimental results demonstrate that the biocomposite’s structure has two hexagonal phases: one corresponding to the hydroxyapatite matrix and the other to the Ti as a reinforced phase. The biomaterials’ microstructure is completely fine and homogeneous. The biomaterial reinforced with 1 wt. % Ti exhibits the best mechanical behavior. In this context, electrochemical tests reveal that bioceramics can achieve stability through an ion adsorption mechanism when exposed to a physiological electrolyte. Bioceramics, particularly those containing 1%Ti, develop their bioactivity through the formation of a high-density hydroxide film during a porous sealing process at potentials around −782.71 mV, with an ionic charge transfer of 0.43 × 10⁻⁹ A/cm². Finally, this biofilm behaves as a capacitor Cc = 0.18 nF/cm², resulting in lower ionic charge transfer resistance (Rct = 1.526 × 106 Ω-cm²) at the interface. This mechanism promotes the material’s biocompatibility for bone integration as an implant material.

Titanium dioxide can be employed in different photocatalytic and solar energy conversion applications due to its abundance, non-toxicity, and chemical stability. Undoped and Cu-doped TiO2 powders were synthesized using the powder method. The characteristics of the prepared photocatalysts-material were determined by XRD, SEM, absorbance and chemical analysis. XRD analysis showed the formation of TiO2 in its anatase and rutile phases. Sphere-like shapes with sizes of 100 nm were inferred from SEM images. The photocatalytic tests revealed that the Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited high photocatalytic activity in degrading contaminated water. This enhancement can be attributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies, which promote the photodegradation of organic compounds.

Photocatalysis is a process in which a material utilizes light energy to degrade contaminants through oxidation reactions that decompose impurities upon contact with its surface. Titanium dioxide is one of the most widely used semiconductor materials due to its abundance, chemical stability, and non-toxicity. However, its relatively wide bandgap restricts its photocatalytic activity to the ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum, limiting its overall efficiency under natural sunlight. The incorporation of copper nanoparticles into the TiO₂ matrix enhances light absorption by extending its activity into the visible range, thereby improving its energy conversion efficiency. In this study, undoped and Cu-doped TiO₂ powders were synthesized using the mechanochemical method. The characteristics of the prepared photocatalyst material were determined by XRD, SEM, absorbance, and chemical analysis. XRD analysis showed the formation of TiO₂ in its anatase and rutile phases. Sphere-like shapes with a size of 100 nm were inferred from SEM images. The photocatalytic tests revealed that the Cu-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited high photocatalytic activity in degrading contaminated water. This enhancement can be attributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies, which promote the photodegradation of organic compounds.