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Chaofeng Shao
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China

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Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in Ecological Indicators
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The high concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has always been a key indicator affecting Chinese environmental quality and a core factor restricting sustainable development. This article refers to the implementation of Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, analyzes the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of PM2.5 health risks in 247 cities in China from 2015 to 2017, and divides the cities into four types by the interannual variation differences in health risks: cities with PM2.5 health risks continuously decreased (hereinafter referred to as I type cities), cities with PM2.5 health risks continuously increased (Ⅱ type cities), cities with unknown changes of PM2.5 health risks (IIItype cities), and cities with irregular changes of PM2.5 health risks (Ⅳ type cities). The STIRPAT model and cross-sectional regression method are used to explore the influence and difference in socioeconomic drivers on PM2.5 health risks in types of cities. The results show that (1) Chinese PM2.5 health risks decreased by 3% from 2015 to 2017. According to the change characteristics of health risks, the cities are divided into four types of cities. And the distribution of the four types of cities is regional. (2) From the perspective of drivers, all the cities with PM2.5 health risks are vulnerable to the impact of human activities in built-up areas. I type cities have high per capita GDP and low energy consumption per unit GDP, indicating that the economic development of these cities has low dependence on energy. Ⅱ type cities are easily affected by urbanization rate. The highway mileage has the greatest impact on III type cities. In Ⅳ type cities, the proportion of secondary industry is the smallest, but it is easily affected by the proportion of secondary industry. This study provides theoretical support for the fine control of PM2.5 pollution in each city.

ACS Style

Qian Liu; Zheyu Zhang; Chaofeng Shao; Run Zhao; Yang Guan; Chen Chen. Spatio-temporal variation and driving factors analysis of PM2.5 health risks in Chinese cities. Ecological Indicators 2021, 129, 107937 .

AMA Style

Qian Liu, Zheyu Zhang, Chaofeng Shao, Run Zhao, Yang Guan, Chen Chen. Spatio-temporal variation and driving factors analysis of PM2.5 health risks in Chinese cities. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 129 ():107937.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qian Liu; Zheyu Zhang; Chaofeng Shao; Run Zhao; Yang Guan; Chen Chen. 2021. "Spatio-temporal variation and driving factors analysis of PM2.5 health risks in Chinese cities." Ecological Indicators 129, no. : 107937.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Excessive use of pesticides and fertilisers has been a key issue limiting sustainable agricultural development. China is a typical pesticide- and chemical-fertiliser-dependent agricultural production area. We have matched the target indicators related to sustainable agricultural development (SDG1 and SDG2) and analysed the gap between China and four developed countries in terms of fertiliser and pesticide use intensity and efficiency from 2002 to 2016. We have used an improved Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model and cluster analysis to identify the factors and effects driving increased pesticide and fertiliser inputs in China, and we discuss the exploratory effects of different provinces in reducing pesticide and fertiliser application and increasing efficiency. The findings reveal that (1) China is a typical pesticide- and fertiliser-dependent agricultural production area. The average combined fertiliser application efficiency in China from 2002 to 2016 was only 28% of that of the Netherlands, and the country’s average combined pesticide application efficiency was only 35% of that of the USA. (2) The most important of the three main drivers of the increase in pesticide and fertiliser inputs in China is the value added of the primary industry, contributing 56% for the period 2007–2016. (3) Further analysis at the provincial level according to four types—high-intensity high-yield type, high-intensity low-yield type, low-intensity high-yield type, and low-intensity low-yield type—clarified the provinces that should be focused on at the national level in terms of pesticide and fertiliser application reduction and efficiency increase in the future.

ACS Style

Xuesong Zhan; Chaofeng Shao; Rong He; Rongguang Shi. Evolution and Efficiency Assessment of Pesticide and Fertiliser Inputs to Cultivated Land in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3771 .

AMA Style

Xuesong Zhan, Chaofeng Shao, Rong He, Rongguang Shi. Evolution and Efficiency Assessment of Pesticide and Fertiliser Inputs to Cultivated Land in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3771.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuesong Zhan; Chaofeng Shao; Rong He; Rongguang Shi. 2021. "Evolution and Efficiency Assessment of Pesticide and Fertiliser Inputs to Cultivated Land in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3771.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Sustainability
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For tourist cities, the ecological footprint not only affects tourism competitiveness but also affects green development. This paper adopted an improved ecological footprint accounting model, used a series of relevant indicators of ecological footprint to compare the green development efficiency, and explored the main driving factors of the per capita ecological footprint and city classification of 16 major tourist cities in China from 2000 to 2017. The results show that the green development efficiency of the studied tourist cities still needs to be improved. Secondly, the panel data analysis shows that the proportion of the primary industry in GDP, the proportion of the secondary industry in GDP, the per capita investment in fixed assets, and the length of highways per 10,000 people can increase the per capita ecological footprint. Then, the cluster analysis divides the selected tourist cities into four categories, and different types of cities need to be managed differently. Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions to improve the quality of the green development of selected tourist cities. The in-depth study of the ecological footprint in this paper will provide a scientific basis for tourist cities to promote green economic growth that considers ecological footprint and GDP and achieve sustainable development of tourism.

ACS Style

Yanmin Shi; Chaofeng Shao; Zheyu Zhang. Efficiency and Driving Factors of Green Development of Tourist Cities Based on Ecological Footprint. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8589 .

AMA Style

Yanmin Shi, Chaofeng Shao, Zheyu Zhang. Efficiency and Driving Factors of Green Development of Tourist Cities Based on Ecological Footprint. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanmin Shi; Chaofeng Shao; Zheyu Zhang. 2020. "Efficiency and Driving Factors of Green Development of Tourist Cities Based on Ecological Footprint." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8589.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study, using the method of economic quantitative analysis, studied the land use changes of Qilihai Wetland from 2008 to 2017, and the effects of these changes on the ES (ecosystem service) values of the wetland. This article benchmarked the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, based on the systematic analysis and analysis of current ecological service function value evaluation methods. The research results show that the total values of the wetland ecosystem services in 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017 were 317 million yuan, 299 million yuan, 283 million yuan, and 321 million yuan, respectively. In 2008 and 2011, the ES of the Wetland was mainly based on supply and support services, and in 2014 and 2017, it was mainly based on supply and regulation services. Changes in human utilization, natural conditions, and social economy will all lead to changes in the ES value of the whole Wetland. This research can enable decision makers to intuitively understand its ecological changes and plan the use of land and formulate ecological protection measures in a reasonable and effective manner. Finally, the article puts forward relevant suggestions for sustainable development based on the resource and environmental foundation and characteristics of Qilihai Wetland.

ACS Style

Chen Chen; Chaofeng Shao; Yanmin Shi. Dynamic Evaluation of Ecological Service Function Value of Qilihai Wetland in Tianjin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7108 .

AMA Style

Chen Chen, Chaofeng Shao, Yanmin Shi. Dynamic Evaluation of Ecological Service Function Value of Qilihai Wetland in Tianjin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen Chen; Chaofeng Shao; Yanmin Shi. 2020. "Dynamic Evaluation of Ecological Service Function Value of Qilihai Wetland in Tianjin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7108.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2020 in Sustainability
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In China, a high input of chemical fertilizers is currently required for a relatively low increase in agricultural production, and this has resulted in prominent nonpoint source pollution and problems related to the quality of agricultural products. These phenomena threaten China’s implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG-2). To explore agricultural chemical fertilizer efficiency and the factors driving the growth in chemical fertilizer use in China, as based on an international comparative analysis of China’s chemical fertilizer input, the development trend in the application level and the efficiency in the use of chemical fertilizer in China were subject to time series analysis, and the factors influencing change were identified and analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). The results show that: (1) The gap in agricultural chemical fertilizer efficiency is still large when comparing China with modern agricultural countries, and excessive fertilizer input is still a major problem. (2) The continuous growth in the total amount of chemical fertilizer applied in China during the past 18 years has contributed to the increase in chemical fertilizer application intensity, which provided a cumulative contribution of 85.52%, with smaller contributions from the planting structure and crop sown area. Based on the analysis of fertilizer application, the chemical fertilizer application intensity of the main grain crops was the most significant factor, accounting for about a 40.00% cumulative contribution. (3) Since 2015, the total amount of chemical fertilizers has been reduced through gradually improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, reducing the application intensity of chemical fertilizers, and implementing the fallow rotation system and other measures. Of these, the reduction in application intensity was the most effective at reducing the overall amount of applied fertilizer. To meet the target for achieving sustainable agricultural development, China must still reduce its use of chemical fertilizers by at least 21.80 million tons. Based on the results of current measures and international experience, some suggestions for reducing fertilizer usage are provided.

ACS Style

Rong He; Chaofeng Shao; Rongguang Shi; Zheyu Zhang; Run Zhao. Development Trend and Driving Factors of Agricultural Chemical Fertilizer Efficiency in China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4607 .

AMA Style

Rong He, Chaofeng Shao, Rongguang Shi, Zheyu Zhang, Run Zhao. Development Trend and Driving Factors of Agricultural Chemical Fertilizer Efficiency in China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rong He; Chaofeng Shao; Rongguang Shi; Zheyu Zhang; Run Zhao. 2020. "Development Trend and Driving Factors of Agricultural Chemical Fertilizer Efficiency in China." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4607.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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An ecological compensation mechanism is the basic condition for the sustainable development of national parks and the key institutional measure to implement goals 1, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, and 17 of the sustainable development goals. In this study, the current ecological compensation mechanism was summarized and analyzed from the aspects of promotion mode, realization routine, and implementation effect, on the basis of the sustainable development needs of national parks and the public welfare character in construction and management. In addition, the practical demands of ecological compensation for basin-type national parks were presented in the setting of the main body and mode of multiparticipation, and the key points of compensation. The “1 + 1 + N” basin-type national park ecological compensation system was designed on the basis of the framework of horizontal protection and vertical development. Taking the Baoxing Giant Panda National Park as an example, typical compensation scenarios were designed from five common compensation approaches; namely, fund, project, technology, material, and policy compensations. The compensation modes were selected and the effect was predicted in combination with local actual situation. Finally, the optimal combination scheme of ecological compensations for national parks was determined on the basis of the return on investment index.

ACS Style

Chenyang Xue; Chaofeng Shao; Junli Gao. Ecological Compensation Strategy for SDG-Based Basin-Type National Parks: A Case Study of the Baoxing Giant Panda National Park. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3908 .

AMA Style

Chenyang Xue, Chaofeng Shao, Junli Gao. Ecological Compensation Strategy for SDG-Based Basin-Type National Parks: A Case Study of the Baoxing Giant Panda National Park. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):3908.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenyang Xue; Chaofeng Shao; Junli Gao. 2020. "Ecological Compensation Strategy for SDG-Based Basin-Type National Parks: A Case Study of the Baoxing Giant Panda National Park." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3908.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Sustainability
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A river health assessment index system was established, focusing on the realistic needs of county sustainable development and the refined management of small- and medium-sized watersheds. The index system takes into consideration the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the vulnerability characteristics of small- and medium-sized watershed ecosystems and consists of 15 indicators in four areas: clean water, sanitation, the present status of biodiversity and threats to biodiversity. This paper uses the minimum discrimination information principle to construct a dynamic combination-weighting technology composed of a subjective weighting method (document frequency method) and an objective weighting method (entropy weight method). Using the fuzzy matter-element analysis theory, a comprehensive river health assessment technology system was constructed. Baoxing County was chosen as the research area and the results reveal that: (1) Key indicators are the biodiversity index of fish, water use intensity, endemic or indicative species retention, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions. (2) The Euclid approach degree of Baoxing County indicates that the entire river is in a moderate state of health. In the future, towns must take targeted measures to coordinate the relationship between the ecological environment and socio-economic development, and enhancement and releasing must be prioritised.

ACS Style

Chenyang Xue; Chaofeng Shao; Sihan Chen. SDGs-Based River Health Assessment for Small- and Medium-Sized Watersheds. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1846 .

AMA Style

Chenyang Xue, Chaofeng Shao, Sihan Chen. SDGs-Based River Health Assessment for Small- and Medium-Sized Watersheds. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1846.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenyang Xue; Chaofeng Shao; Sihan Chen. 2020. "SDGs-Based River Health Assessment for Small- and Medium-Sized Watersheds." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1846.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2020 in Energy Policy
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In order to explore the decoupling relationship and its influence factors between the growth of China's civil aviation sector and carbon emissions, as well as to forecast future CO2 emissions, the extended log-mean Divisia index model (LMDI), Tapio decoupling model and an emission prediction model were applied in this study. The results show the following. (1) Total carbon emissions fluctuate on an overall upward trend, but the level of oil consumption per revenue tonne-kilometers (RTK) shows a steady downward trend. (2) Among the four main factors, the “transportation amount growth” factor contributed most to CO2 emissions increases; followed by transport structure adjustment effects and alternative fuel effects. The “energy consumption intensity” factor plays a major role in inhibiting CO2 emissions. (3) The decoupling state of civil aviation predominantly stayed in a weak decoupling prior to 1988, expansive coupling and expansive negative decoupling during 1988–2000, and expansive coupling post-2000, which implies that the government should take comprehensive measures to reduce CO2 emissions. (4) Based on eight scenarios, China's civil aviation sector is predicted to be responsible for 0.13 Gt of CO2 emissions by 2020. Between 2020 and 2050, CO2 emissions may increase by a factor 1.6 to 3.9.

ACS Style

Jinglei Yu; Chaofeng Shao; Chenyang Xue; Huaqing Hu. China's aircraft-related CO2 emissions: Decomposition analysis, decoupling status, and future trends. Energy Policy 2020, 138, 111215 .

AMA Style

Jinglei Yu, Chaofeng Shao, Chenyang Xue, Huaqing Hu. China's aircraft-related CO2 emissions: Decomposition analysis, decoupling status, and future trends. Energy Policy. 2020; 138 ():111215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinglei Yu; Chaofeng Shao; Chenyang Xue; Huaqing Hu. 2020. "China's aircraft-related CO2 emissions: Decomposition analysis, decoupling status, and future trends." Energy Policy 138, no. : 111215.

Full paper
Published: 22 October 2019 in ChemistryOpen
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Bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanosheets are exciting photocatalysts for microbial disinfection and organic dye degradation. However, it remains a great challenge to easily recycle these nanomaterials and improve their photocatalytic ability. Herein, we constructed a novel photocatalytic [email protected] gel containing BiOBr nanosheets and polyacrylamide gel (PAG), based on peroxydisulfate‐induced polymerization reaction. The photocatalytic gel had equally distribution of BiOBr nanosheets on the surface, and could be easily recycled from water. More strikingly, the gel could also rapidly kill all tested pathogenic bacteria (i. e., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) under irradiation. Its disinfection activity is attributed to remarkable intracellular ROS production and oxidative cell damage. Furthermore, the gel had higher photocatalytic activity than BiOBr nanosheets alone during degradation of organic dyes. This study developed a novel strategy for preparation of easy‐recycling and high‐efficiency photocatalytic systems for practical application in environmental treatment and medicinal disinfection.

ACS Style

Jinpeng Liu; Nali Zhu; Haiming Xu; Jinwu Bai; Chaofeng Shao; Meiting Ju; Qilin Yu; Lu Liu. Construction of Recycling Photocatalytic Gels for the Disinfection of Pathogens and Degradation of Organic Pollutants. ChemistryOpen 2019, 8, 1309 -1315.

AMA Style

Jinpeng Liu, Nali Zhu, Haiming Xu, Jinwu Bai, Chaofeng Shao, Meiting Ju, Qilin Yu, Lu Liu. Construction of Recycling Photocatalytic Gels for the Disinfection of Pathogens and Degradation of Organic Pollutants. ChemistryOpen. 2019; 8 (10):1309-1315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinpeng Liu; Nali Zhu; Haiming Xu; Jinwu Bai; Chaofeng Shao; Meiting Ju; Qilin Yu; Lu Liu. 2019. "Construction of Recycling Photocatalytic Gels for the Disinfection of Pathogens and Degradation of Organic Pollutants." ChemistryOpen 8, no. 10: 1309-1315.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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China is a country with one of the highest concentrations of airborne particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the world, and it has obvious spatial-distribution characteristics. Areas of concentrated population tend to be regions with higher PM2.5 concentrations, which further aggravate the impact of PM2.5 pollution on population health. Using PM2.5-concentration and socioeconomic data for 225 cities in China in 2015, we adopted a PM2.5-health-risk-assessment method (with simplified calculation) and applied the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model to analyze the effects of socioeconomic factors on PM2.5 health risks. The results showed that: (1) At the national level, the order of contribution degree of each socioeconomic factor in the PM2.5-health-risk and PM2.5-concentration model is consistent. (2) From a regional perspective, in all three regions, the industrial structure is the decisive factor affecting PM2.5 health risks, and reduction of energy intensity increases PM2.5 health risks, but the impact of the total amount of urban central heating on PM2.5 health risks is very low. In the eastern region, the increased urbanization rate and length of highways significantly increase PM2.5 health risks, but the increasing effect of the extent of built-up area is the lowest. In the central region, the increasing effects of the extent of built-up area on PM2.5 health risks are significantly greater than the decreasing effects of the urbanization rate. In the western region, economic development has the least effect on reducing PM2.5 health risks. Our research enriches PM2.5-health-risk theory and provides some theoretical support for PM2.5-health-risk diversity management in China.

ACS Style

Zheyu Zhang; Chaofeng Shao; Yang Guan; Chenyang Xue. Socioeconomic factors and regional differences of PM2.5 health risks in China. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 251, 109564 .

AMA Style

Zheyu Zhang, Chaofeng Shao, Yang Guan, Chenyang Xue. Socioeconomic factors and regional differences of PM2.5 health risks in China. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 251 ():109564.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheyu Zhang; Chaofeng Shao; Yang Guan; Chenyang Xue. 2019. "Socioeconomic factors and regional differences of PM2.5 health risks in China." Journal of Environmental Management 251, no. : 109564.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans caused by trace metals. A wide survey of organic fertilizers was carried out in northern China. A total of 117 organic fertilizer samples were collected to analyze the concentrations of seven trace metals. Simulation models were used to estimate the trace metal accumulation risk in soil and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the human body. The concentrations of trace metals varied widely (Cr: 2.74⁻151.15; Ni: 2.94⁻49.35; Cu: 0.76⁻378.32; Zn: 0.50⁻1748.01; As: 1.54⁻23.96; Cd: 2.74⁻151.15; and Pb: 1.60⁻151.09 mg·kg-1). Chinese organic fertilizer standard limits were exceeded by0.85% for Cr, 5.98% for As, 1.71% for Cd, and 4.27% for Pb. Monte Carlo simulations showed that repeated application of organic fertilizer likely significantly increased the concentrations of Zn, Cd, and As in soil compared with the soil background levels according to the Soil Environmental Quality Standards of China. As and Cr pose high risks to human health, especially as carcinogenic risk factors with a skin exposure pathway. Reducing the content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd in organic fertilizer would be of great significance for minimizing the damage caused by trace metals.

ACS Style

Qiong Gong; Peizhen Chen; Rongguang Shi; Yi Gao; Shun-An Zheng; Yan Xu; Chaofeng Shao; Xiangqun Zheng. Health Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in Organic Fertilizer in Northern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1031 .

AMA Style

Qiong Gong, Peizhen Chen, Rongguang Shi, Yi Gao, Shun-An Zheng, Yan Xu, Chaofeng Shao, Xiangqun Zheng. Health Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in Organic Fertilizer in Northern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (6):1031.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiong Gong; Peizhen Chen; Rongguang Shi; Yi Gao; Shun-An Zheng; Yan Xu; Chaofeng Shao; Xiangqun Zheng. 2019. "Health Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in Organic Fertilizer in Northern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6: 1031.

Research article
Published: 17 September 2018 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Soil pollution in industrial areas poses a major challenge for China’s environmental protection. In this study, comprehensive assessment methodologies for soil risk in industrial areas were developed. The comprehensive assessment covered ecological and human health risks of soil pollution, as well as vulnerability of different types of risk receptors. Comprehensive ecological risk assessment integrated potential ecological risk assessment and landscape vulnerability assessment. Comprehensive social risk assessment specialized human health risk assessment by introducing spatial distribution of population. A typical industrial area in China was studied, and the quantitative and spatial assessments of the comprehensive soil risk were presented. The results showed that the spatial distribution of soil comprehensive ecological and social risks differed. High-risk areas of soil comprehensive ecological risk in the study area were mainly farmlands and nature reserves. Inhabited areas and industrial zones were less affected by comprehensive ecological risk of soil. By contrast, the spatial distribution of soil comprehensive social risk and human activities showed a clear trend of convergence. Vulnerability assessment of the risk receptors provided a suitable complement to the risk assessment of soil pollution.

ACS Style

Yang Guan; Chaofeng Shao; Lei Kang; Xin Li; Meiting Ju. Analysis of soil risk characteristics by comprehensive assessment in an industrial area of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 32257 -32268.

AMA Style

Yang Guan, Chaofeng Shao, Lei Kang, Xin Li, Meiting Ju. Analysis of soil risk characteristics by comprehensive assessment in an industrial area of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (32):32257-32268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Guan; Chaofeng Shao; Lei Kang; Xin Li; Meiting Ju. 2018. "Analysis of soil risk characteristics by comprehensive assessment in an industrial area of China." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 32: 32257-32268.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2017 in Ecological Indicators
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Industrial and mining areas have been included as key governance plots of China’s soil management and protection. In this study, we developed an assessment method for soil integrated risk in industrial and mining areas, with a comprehensive consideration of pollution risk, pollution sources and receptors of soil risk. The method consists of four parts, including soil risk assessment, vulnerability assessment of soil risk receptors, risk level assessment of pollution sources and integrated risk assessment. Using this method, we could produce a complete soil risk regionalisation map that presents the total factor risk level of soil contamination of industrial and mining areas in ArcGIS. This study also took a typical industrial and mining area in China as a case and quantitatively and spatially assessed the integrated soil contamination risk. Results showed: (1) the integrated risk of the study area ranged from moderate level to high level; (2) the risk of pollution sources in the study area ranged from moderate level to high level; (3) vulnerability of soil risk receptors in streets was lower than that in the towns.

ACS Style

Yang Guan; Chunli Chu; Chaofeng Shao; Meiting Ju; Erfu Dai. Study of integrated risk regionalisation method for soil contamination in industrial and mining area. Ecological Indicators 2017, 83, 260 -270.

AMA Style

Yang Guan, Chunli Chu, Chaofeng Shao, Meiting Ju, Erfu Dai. Study of integrated risk regionalisation method for soil contamination in industrial and mining area. Ecological Indicators. 2017; 83 ():260-270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Guan; Chunli Chu; Chaofeng Shao; Meiting Ju; Erfu Dai. 2017. "Study of integrated risk regionalisation method for soil contamination in industrial and mining area." Ecological Indicators 83, no. : 260-270.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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With the implementation of the western development strategy, large areas in western China are experiencing rapid industrialization and urbanization phases. Simultaneously, increasing energy consumption linked to CO2 emissions is becoming a serious problem. The stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology model and the random parameters model were developed to assess and quantify the strength of the relationship between CO2 emissions that are attributed to energy consumption and their major drivers (i.e., population, economy, and technology). The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, which is a typical region in western China with low energy efficiency and rapid economic growth, was selected as an example. This study determined CO2 emissions attributed to energy consumption from 1991 to 2011, and assessed the effects of the major drivers of CO2 emissions at the county level. The following results were obtained. (1) The CO2 emissions of Ningxia increased rapidly throughout the study period. (2) Increasing gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urban employment, and the contribution to GDP of secondary industries would promote CO2 emissions. By contrast, increasing the growth of the per capita annual disposable income of rural households, the contribution to GDP of tertiary industries, and population density would restrain CO2 emissions. (3) The county-level heterognerity was found to be significant which suggests adopting a uniform policy might not be optimal. Finally, the study method, effects of CO2 emission factors, and policy suggestions could also be applied to other provinces and autonomous regions in western China because of the similar characteristics of these areas such as vast lands, rich resources, and low development level.

ACS Style

Yang Guan; Lei Kang; Chaofeng Shao; Ping Wang; Meiting Ju. Measuring county-level heterogeneity of CO2 emissions attributed to energy consumption: A case study in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 142, 3471 -3481.

AMA Style

Yang Guan, Lei Kang, Chaofeng Shao, Ping Wang, Meiting Ju. Measuring county-level heterogeneity of CO2 emissions attributed to energy consumption: A case study in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 142 ():3471-3481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Guan; Lei Kang; Chaofeng Shao; Ping Wang; Meiting Ju. 2016. "Measuring county-level heterogeneity of CO2 emissions attributed to energy consumption: A case study in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 142, no. : 3471-3481.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2015 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Industrial and mining activities are recognized as major sources of soil pollution. This study proposes an index system for evaluating the inherent risk level of polluting factories and introduces an integrated risk assessment method based on human health risk. As a case study, the health risk, polluting factories and integrated risks were analyzed in a typical industrial and mining gathering area in China, namely, Binhai New Area. The spatial distribution of the risk level was determined using a Geographic Information System. The results confirmed the following: (1) Human health risk in the study area is moderate to extreme, with heavy metals posing the greatest threat; (2) Polluting factories pose a moderate to extreme inherent risk in the study area. Such factories are concentrated in industrial and urban areas, but are irregularly distributed and also occupy agricultural land, showing a lack of proper planning and management; (3) The integrated risks of soil are moderate to high in the study area.

ACS Style

Yang Guan; Chaofeng Shao; Qingbao Gu; Meiting Ju; Qian Zhang. Method for Assessing the Integrated Risk of Soil Pollution in Industrial and Mining Gathering Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015, 12, 14589 -14609.

AMA Style

Yang Guan, Chaofeng Shao, Qingbao Gu, Meiting Ju, Qian Zhang. Method for Assessing the Integrated Risk of Soil Pollution in Industrial and Mining Gathering Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12 (11):14589-14609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Guan; Chaofeng Shao; Qingbao Gu; Meiting Ju; Qian Zhang. 2015. "Method for Assessing the Integrated Risk of Soil Pollution in Industrial and Mining Gathering Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 11: 14589-14609.

Original paper
Published: 06 February 2015 in Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment
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Industrial and mining activities have been recognized as major sources of heavy metal contamination in soil. Here, we developed a comprehensive assessment method for the soil environment in industrial and mining gathering areas based on the pressure–state–response model. Using this method, we assessed the environmental quality of soil in a typical industrial and mining gathering area in Tianjin City, China. The results are as follows: (1) The comprehensive environmental quality index of the soil in the study area was 0.532, which corresponds to an alert state and shows that the soil environment is generally poor. (2) The pressure, state, and response indexes were 0.609, 0.634, and 0.163, respectively, which suggests that the pressure in the soil environment of the study area is barely acceptable, and the state is merely passable. Furthermore, the response measures are not ideal. (3) The low response index scores indicate poor production processes, low pollutant treatment level, and unsatisfactory level of management by the enterprises in the study area. (4) The distribution of soil risks was found to be inseparably related to that of contamination sources and land use types. Furthermore, the distribution was uneven to a certain degree. Finally, we propose recommendations for the optimization, adjustment, and management of typical industrial and mining gathering areas with petrochemical, metallurgy, and other heavily polluting enterprises.

ACS Style

Yang Guan; Chaofeng Shao; Qingbao Gu; Meiting Ju; Xueju Huang. Study of a comprehensive assessment method of the environmental quality of soil in industrial and mining gathering areas. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 2015, 30, 91 -102.

AMA Style

Yang Guan, Chaofeng Shao, Qingbao Gu, Meiting Ju, Xueju Huang. Study of a comprehensive assessment method of the environmental quality of soil in industrial and mining gathering areas. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 2015; 30 (1):91-102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Guan; Chaofeng Shao; Qingbao Gu; Meiting Ju; Xueju Huang. 2015. "Study of a comprehensive assessment method of the environmental quality of soil in industrial and mining gathering areas." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 30, no. 1: 91-102.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2014 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Industrial and mining activities have been recognized as the major sources of soil heavy metal contamination. This study introduced an improved Nemerow index method based on the Nemerow and geo-accumulation index. Taking a typical industrial and mining gathering area in Tianjin (China) as example, this study then analyzed the contamination sources as well as the ecological and integrated risks. The spatial distribution of the contamination level and ecological risk were determined using Geographic Information Systems. The results are as follows: (1) Zinc showed the highest contaminant level in the study area; the contamination levels of the other seven heavy metals assessed were relatively lower. (2) The combustion of fossil fuels and emissions from industrial and mining activities were the main sources of contamination in the study area. (3) The overall contamination level of heavy metals in the study area ranged from heavily contaminated to extremely contaminated and showed an uneven distribution. (4) The potential ecological risk showed an uneven distribution, and the overall ecological risk level ranged from low to moderate. This study also emphasized the importance of partition in industrial and mining areas, the extensive application of spatial analysis methods, and the consideration of human health risks in future studies.

ACS Style

Yang Guan; Chaofeng Shao; Meiting Ju. Heavy Metal Contamination Assessment and Partition for Industrial and Mining Gathering Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014, 11, 7286 -7303.

AMA Style

Yang Guan, Chaofeng Shao, Meiting Ju. Heavy Metal Contamination Assessment and Partition for Industrial and Mining Gathering Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11 (7):7286-7303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Guan; Chaofeng Shao; Meiting Ju. 2014. "Heavy Metal Contamination Assessment and Partition for Industrial and Mining Gathering Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 7: 7286-7303.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Advanced Materials Research
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In response to the situation that social development was seriously lagging behind economic development, China began implementing national sustainable communities (CNSCs) from 1986. The goal is to achieve the simultaneous development of life, production and environment, and achieve the synchronous growth of economic effect, biologic effect and social effect. To date, China has built 120 national sustainable communities, involving regions of different development levels and development conditions in the east, center and west parts of China. Successful experiences are analyzed systematically, including updated development concept, technology-driven, scientific planning program, public participation and social promotion. Some key problems are encountered, such as uneven distribution of resources and the geographical conditions, and administrative region boundary segmentation which affect CNSCs development, complexity and accumulation of resources and environmental problems.

ACS Style

Ning Wan; Chaofeng Shao. The Experience and Challenges of China’s National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs). Advanced Materials Research 2014, 962-965, 2499 -2504.

AMA Style

Ning Wan, Chaofeng Shao. The Experience and Challenges of China’s National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs). Advanced Materials Research. 2014; 962-965 ():2499-2504.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Wan; Chaofeng Shao. 2014. "The Experience and Challenges of China’s National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs)." Advanced Materials Research 962-965, no. : 2499-2504.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Advanced Materials Research
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China has grown rapidly since 1978, when it began to reform. However, the conflicts between the fast economic social development and pressure of the resources and environment are increasingly outstanding, which restrict regional social and economic sustainable development. Experience shows that China's National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs) since 1986 were the important carrier to carry out the sustainable development strategy and promote the coordinative development of economy, society, resources and environment. Based on the requirements and new trends of CNSCs, the basic idea for construction and development of current CNSCs was built, and the key elements and links were discussed, which guide proper planning to different types of CNSC construction.

ACS Style

Chaofeng Shao; Yang Guan; Mei Ting Ju. The Basic Idea and Key Elements of China's National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs). Advanced Materials Research 2014, 962-965, 2493 -2498.

AMA Style

Chaofeng Shao, Yang Guan, Mei Ting Ju. The Basic Idea and Key Elements of China's National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs). Advanced Materials Research. 2014; 962-965 ():2493-2498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chaofeng Shao; Yang Guan; Mei Ting Ju. 2014. "The Basic Idea and Key Elements of China's National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs)." Advanced Materials Research 962-965, no. : 2493-2498.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2014 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Nonferrous metal industries play an important role in China's national economy and are some of the country's largest energy consumers. To better understand the nature of CO2 emissions from these industries and to further move towards low-carbon development in this industry sector, this study investigates the CO2 emissions of 12 nonferrous metal industries from 2003 to 2010 based on their life-cycle assessments. It then classifies these industries into four “emission–efficiency” types through cluster analysis. The results show that (1) the industrial economy and energy consumption of China's nonferrous metal industries have grown rapidly, although their recent energy consumption rate shows a declining trend. (2) The copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, and magnesium industries, classified as high-emission industries, are the main contributors of CO2 emissions. The results have implications for policy decisions that aim to enhance energy efficiency, particularly for promoting the transformation of low-efficiency industries to high-efficiency ones. The study also highlights the important role of policy development in technological innovations, optimization, and upgrades, the reduction of coal proportion in energy consumption, and the advancement of new energy sources.

ACS Style

Chaofeng Shao; Yang Guan; Zheng Wan; Chunli Chu; Meiting Ju. Performance analysis of CO2 emissions and energy efficiency of metal industries in China. Journal of Environmental Management 2014, 134, 30 -38.

AMA Style

Chaofeng Shao, Yang Guan, Zheng Wan, Chunli Chu, Meiting Ju. Performance analysis of CO2 emissions and energy efficiency of metal industries in China. Journal of Environmental Management. 2014; 134 ():30-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chaofeng Shao; Yang Guan; Zheng Wan; Chunli Chu; Meiting Ju. 2014. "Performance analysis of CO2 emissions and energy efficiency of metal industries in China." Journal of Environmental Management 134, no. : 30-38.