Objectives: The current study was executed to isolate and evaluate gallic acid from Euphorbia hirta for in vitro radioprotective potentials against gamma irradiation caused radiotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Methods: The defatted E. hirta plant material was treated to methanol extraction using the soxhlet device. Bioflavonoids were isolated from the E. hirta methanol extract using column chromatography. In human cells exhibited to gamma radiation, separated flavonoid gallic acid was examined for in vitro radioprotective potentials using the micronucleus test, DNA fragmentation assay, superoxide free radical scavenging method, and apoptic assay. Results: The frequency of micronuclei was considerably declined when cells were preprocessed with gallic acid (25 g/mL) before being exhibited to 2 Gy gamma radiation, as determined by the cytokinesis blocked micronucleus test. Similarly, pre-gamma radiation treatment of human cells with gallic acid led in markedly less DNA injury, as assessed by comet metrics like olive tail moment and percent tail DNA. Gallic acid (25 g/mL) given to lymphocytes prior to gamma irradiation considerably decreased the percentage of apoptotic bodies. Gallic acid also considerably lowered the reactive oxygen species concentrations elicited by gamma radiation. Conclusions: Our findings showed that gallic acid protects lymphocytes isolated from human blood from gamma radiation-induced DNA destruction and anti-apoptotic activity, which could be because of inhibition of free radicals formed by gamma radiation as well as the decline of gamma radiation-induced oxidative stress.

Objective: The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of methanol extract of Cedrus deodara against cisplatin induced. Methods: Myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats. All experimental animals were administered with cisplatin on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day to induce bone marrow toxicity and rats were treated with methanol extract of C. deodara for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st after 1 h before the administration of the drugs and hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, bleeding time and clotting time were determined were determined. At 21st, all rats were sacrificed and bone marrow samples were collected. The part of bone marrow samples was used for the determination of antioxidant enzymes and remaining were subjected to histopathological examination. Results: The animals of therapeutic groups administered with extract of C. deodara have exhibited significant rise in hematological parameters and shorten bleeding time and clotting time when compare to toxic control animals on the day 14 and day 21. The histopathological examination revealed the regeneration of bone marrow cells in the extract treated animals. There was significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzymes was found in extract treated animals. Conclusions: The methanol extract of C. deodara of have shown significant protective effects against cisplatin induced myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats.

Objective: The objective present investigation was to determine the in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic potentials of the methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila. Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of the methanol extract of T. pumila (TPME-Methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila) against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. For acute study, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to check the ability of the TPME to utilize oral glucose load and the chronic study of 21 days was done to assess the effect of TPME for long time in diabetic rats and its effect was compared with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg i. p). The in vitro a-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibitory properties were performed and IC50 values were determined. The glucose uptake by rat hemidiaphragm model was also used to evaluate potentials of the TPME to enhance utilization of the blood glucose by peripheral tissues. Results: In OGTT, blood glucose level was significantly reduced in glibenclamide and TPME at 200 and 400 mg/kg treated animals compared to diabetic control group. In chronic model, the TPME effectively reduced abnormalities of diabetes in therapeutic groups. Both a-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibitor assays have exhibited significant IC50 values and also increased utilization of glucose by the skeletal muscle. Conclusion: The results of the present investigation recommend that TPME possess significant in vivo antidiabetic property. The data of the study also suggest that the enhancement of insulin secretion and reduction of insulin resistances are the mode of antidiabetic activity shown by TPME.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with the colon and rectum, often predisposing individuals to inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer (IBD-CRC). Current therapeutic options for UC, including corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, pose significant side effects. Punica granatum peel powder (PPPG), a traditional herbal remedy in Ayurveda medicine for colitis, exhibits promising therapeutic effects with a favorable safety profile. Objectives: This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of a modified PPPG formulation in UC treatment. Methods: Using NCM460 cells and an acetic acid-induced UC murine model, the efficacy of modified PPPG was evaluated. Results: Therapy with modified PPPG significantly improved UC-associated symptoms, such as improvements in body weight, colon length, and disease activity index, as validated by histological examination. Transcriptomic sequencing identified downregulation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and reduced inflammatory markers like p-NF-κB, IL-1β, and NLRP3 on PPPG therapy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that modified PPPG holds promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for UC intervention, targeting key inflammatory pathways implicated in UC pathogenesis and potentially mitigating the risk of IBD-CRC.