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The cropping potential of almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) cultivars is determined by their adaptation to edaphoclimatic and environmental conditions. The effects of scion–rootstock interactions on vigor have a decisive impact on this cropping success. Intensively planted orchards with smaller less vigorous trees present several potential benefits for increasing orchard profitability. While several studies have examined rootstock effects on tree vigor, it is less clear how rootstocks influence more specific aspects of tree architecture. The objective of this current study was to identify which architectural traits of commercially important scion cultivars are influenced by rootstock and which of these traits can be useful as descriptors of rootstock performance in breeding evaluations. To do this, 6 almond cultivars of commercial significance were grafted onto 5 hybrid rootstocks, resulting in 30 combinations that were measured after their second year of growth. We observed that rootstock choice mainly influenced branch production, but the effects were not consistent across the different scion–rootstock combinations evaluated. This lack of consistency in response highlights the importance of the unique interaction between each rootstock and its respective scion genotype.
Álvaro Montesinos; Grant Thorp; Jérôme Grimplet; María Rubio-Cabetas. Phenotyping Almond Orchards for Architectural Traits Influenced by Rootstock Choice. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 159 .
AMA StyleÁlvaro Montesinos, Grant Thorp, Jérôme Grimplet, María Rubio-Cabetas. Phenotyping Almond Orchards for Architectural Traits Influenced by Rootstock Choice. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (7):159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Montesinos; Grant Thorp; Jérôme Grimplet; María Rubio-Cabetas. 2021. "Phenotyping Almond Orchards for Architectural Traits Influenced by Rootstock Choice." Horticulturae 7, no. 7: 159.
Loss of genetic variability is a steadily increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes. High-quality pedigree data of 222 almond [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus (L) Batsch] cultivars and breeding selections were used to study global genetic variability in modern breeding programs from Argentina, Australia, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Russia, Spain and the USA. Inbreeding coefficients, pairwise relatedness and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes. The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars from two different geographical regions: ‘Tuono’-‘Cristomorto’ (local landraces from Puglia, Italy) and ‘Nonpareil’ (chance seedling selected in California, USA, from French original stock). Direct descendants from ‘Tuono’ or ‘Cristomorto’ number 75 (sharing 30 descendants), while ‘Nonpareil’ has 72 direct descendants. The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.036, with 13 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient, over 0.250. Breeding programs from the USA, France and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.067, 0.050 and 0.034, respectively. According to their genetic contribution, modern cultivars from Israel, France, the USA, Spain and Australia, trace back to six, five, four, four and two main founding genotypes respectively. Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the Sf allele for self-compatibility, the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.133, with ‘Tuono’ as the main founding genotype (23.75% of total genetic contribution). Increasing as well as preserving current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs worldwide to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress. Breeding objectives, apart from high and efficient productivity, should include disease resistance and adaptation to climate change. Ultimately, any new commercial almond cultivar has to be economically viable and breeders play a critical role in achieving this goal.
Felipe Pérez De Los Cobos; Pedro José Martínez-García; Agustí Romero; Xavier Miarnau; Iban Eduardo; Werner Howad; Federico Dicenta; Maria José Rubio-Cabetas; Thomas M. Gradziel; Michelle Whirthensohn; Henri Duval; Doron Holland; Pere Arús; Francisco J. Vargas; Ignasi Batlle; Rafel Socias i Company. PEDIGREE ANALYSIS OF 222 ALMOND GENOTYPES REVEALS TWO WORLD MAINSTREAM BREEDING LINES BASED ON ONLY THREE DIFFERENT CULTIVARS. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleFelipe Pérez De Los Cobos, Pedro José Martínez-García, Agustí Romero, Xavier Miarnau, Iban Eduardo, Werner Howad, Federico Dicenta, Maria José Rubio-Cabetas, Thomas M. Gradziel, Michelle Whirthensohn, Henri Duval, Doron Holland, Pere Arús, Francisco J. Vargas, Ignasi Batlle, Rafel Socias i Company. PEDIGREE ANALYSIS OF 222 ALMOND GENOTYPES REVEALS TWO WORLD MAINSTREAM BREEDING LINES BASED ON ONLY THREE DIFFERENT CULTIVARS. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelipe Pérez De Los Cobos; Pedro José Martínez-García; Agustí Romero; Xavier Miarnau; Iban Eduardo; Werner Howad; Federico Dicenta; Maria José Rubio-Cabetas; Thomas M. Gradziel; Michelle Whirthensohn; Henri Duval; Doron Holland; Pere Arús; Francisco J. Vargas; Ignasi Batlle; Rafel Socias i Company. 2020. "PEDIGREE ANALYSIS OF 222 ALMOND GENOTYPES REVEALS TWO WORLD MAINSTREAM BREEDING LINES BASED ON ONLY THREE DIFFERENT CULTIVARS." , no. : 1.
Drought affects growth and metabolism in plants. To investigate the changes in root protein function involved in the early response to drought stress, a proteomic analysis in combination to a physiological and biochemical analysis was performed in plants of ‘Garnem’, an almond × peach hybrid rootstock, subjected to short-term drought stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation levels increased during the drought exposure, which induced stomatal closure, and thus, minimised water losses. These effects were reflected in stomatal conductance and leaf water potential levels. However, ‘Garnem’ was able to balance water content and maintain an osmotic adjustment in cell membranes, suggesting a dehydration avoidance strategy. The proteomic analysis revealed significant abundance changes in 29 and 24 spots after 2 and 24 h of drought stress respectively. Out of these, 15 proteins were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The abundance changes of these proteins suggest the influence in drought-responsive mechanisms present in ‘Garnem’, allowing its adaptation to drought conditions. Overall, our study improves existing knowledge on the root proteomic changes in the early response to drought. This will lead to a better understanding of dehydration avoidance and tolerance strategies, and finally, help in new drought-tolerance breeding approaches.
Beatriz Bielsa; María Á. Sanz; María J. Rubio-Cabetas. Uncovering early response to drought by proteomic, physiological and biochemical changes in the almond × peach rootstock ‘Garnem'. Functional Plant Biology 2019, 46, 994 -1008.
AMA StyleBeatriz Bielsa, María Á. Sanz, María J. Rubio-Cabetas. Uncovering early response to drought by proteomic, physiological and biochemical changes in the almond × peach rootstock ‘Garnem'. Functional Plant Biology. 2019; 46 (11):994-1008.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Bielsa; María Á. Sanz; María J. Rubio-Cabetas. 2019. "Uncovering early response to drought by proteomic, physiological and biochemical changes in the almond × peach rootstock ‘Garnem'." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 11: 994-1008.
Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses with far-reaching ecological and socioeconomic impacts, especially in perennial food crops such as Prunus. There is an urgent need to identify drought resilient rootstocks that can adapt to changes in water availability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that PEG-induced water limitation stress will simulate drought conditions and drought-related genes, including transcription factors (TFs), will be differentially expressed in response to this stress. ‘Garnem’ genotype, an almond × peach hybrid [P. amygdalus Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.) x P. persica (L.) Batsch] was exposed to PEG-6000 solution, and a time-course transcriptome analysis of drought-stressed roots was performed at 0, 2 and 24 h time points post-stress. Transcriptome analysis resulted in the identification of 12,693 unique differentially expressed contigs (DECs) at the 2 h time point, and 7,705 unique DECs at the 24 h time point after initiation of the drought treatment. Interestingly, three drought-induced genes, directly related to water use efficiency (WUE) namely, ERF023 TF; LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-kinase ERECTA; and NF-YB3 TF, were found induced under stress. The RNAseq results were validated with quantitative RT-PCR analysis of eighteen randomly selected differentially expressed contigs (DECs). Pathway analysis in the present study provides valuable information regarding metabolic events that occur during stress-induced signalling in ‘Garnem’ roots. This information is expected to be useful in understanding the potential mechanisms underlying drought stress responses and drought adaptation strategies in Prunus species.
Beatriz Bielsa; SeAnna Hewitt; Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo; Amit Dhingra; María José Rubio-Cabetas. Identification of water use efficiency related genes in ‘Garnem’ almond-peach rootstock using time-course transcriptome analysis. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0205493 .
AMA StyleBeatriz Bielsa, SeAnna Hewitt, Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo, Amit Dhingra, María José Rubio-Cabetas. Identification of water use efficiency related genes in ‘Garnem’ almond-peach rootstock using time-course transcriptome analysis. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (10):e0205493.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Bielsa; SeAnna Hewitt; Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo; Amit Dhingra; María José Rubio-Cabetas. 2018. "Identification of water use efficiency related genes in ‘Garnem’ almond-peach rootstock using time-course transcriptome analysis." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10: e0205493.
In order to improve the effectiveness of breeding practices for Prunus rootstocks, it is essential to obtain new resistance resources, especially with regard to drought. In this study, a collection of field-grown Prunus genotypes, both wild-relative species and cultivated hybrid rootstocks, were subjected to leaf ash and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) analyses, which are strongly correlated to water use efficiency (WUE). Almond and peach wild relative species showed the lowest Δ13C ratios, and therefore, the highest WUE in comparison with hybrid genotypes. In addition, drought-related cis-regulatory elements (CREs) were identified in the promoter regions of the effector gene PpDhn2, and the transcription factor gene DREB2B, two genes involved in drought-response signaling pathways. The phylogenetic analysis of these regions revealed variability in the promoter region sequences of both genes. This finding provides evidence of genetic diversity between the peach- and almond-relative individuals. The results presented here can be used to select Prunus genotypes with the best drought resistance potential for breeding.
Beatriz Bielsa; Carole Bassett; D. Michael Glenn; María José Rubio-Cabetas. Assessing Field Prunus Genotypes for Drought Responsive Potential by Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Promoter Analysis. Agronomy 2018, 8, 42 .
AMA StyleBeatriz Bielsa, Carole Bassett, D. Michael Glenn, María José Rubio-Cabetas. Assessing Field Prunus Genotypes for Drought Responsive Potential by Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Promoter Analysis. Agronomy. 2018; 8 (4):42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Bielsa; Carole Bassett; D. Michael Glenn; María José Rubio-Cabetas. 2018. "Assessing Field Prunus Genotypes for Drought Responsive Potential by Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Promoter Analysis." Agronomy 8, no. 4: 42.