Dog and cat faeces are a globally neglected issue that demands proper management. The poor handling of pet waste not only impacts environmental health but also contributes to community conflicts due to insufficient waste management practices. The objectives were to investigate the properties of pet wastes compared to livestock wastes (pigs, hens, and cattle) with the intention of formulating an efficient compost product suitable for agricultural applications. Faeces from dogs and cats were collected from the community, while faeces from livestock (pigs, cattle, and hens) were collected from farms. Faeces were mixed with probiotics, rice bran, and rice husk to make compost and used to grow sweet corn plants. The nutrient content was compared between fresh and composted faeces. Composted manure from different animal sources was compared for its effectiveness in promoting sweet corn growth. The results showed that fresh and composted dog and cat manures contained higher levels of nutrients (p < 0.05) compared to livestock manures. Additionally, composted pet manure accelerated (p < 0.05) the growth of the plants compared to composted livestock manures and control groups. This is the first study to conclude that composted pet faeces surpass livestock manure in their higher nutrients and enhance plant growth. The findings could help reduce pet waste and transform it into a valuable recycled resource. However, the safety of composted manure, especially concerning toxoplasmosis from cat faeces, remains a significant concern and requires further investigation.

Cetacean mortality serves as a critical indicator of marine ecosystem health, reflecting the cumulative impacts of climate-driven environmental shifts and anthropogenic pressures. However, long-term national-scale assessments remain limited in Thailand. This study aimed to assess population status, analyse spatiotemporal mortality patterns, and evaluate the influence of environmental drivers and anthropogenic stressors in Thai waters over the past two decades. Secondary data from multiple sources were analysed using generalised linear models with a negative binomial distribution. A total of 29 cetacean species were recorded, with an estimated population of approximately 3000 individuals. Mortality was documented in 24 species and showed an increasing trend over time. Coastal species, particularly Irrawaddy dolphins and finless porpoises, accounted for the majority of deaths (56%). Mortality patterns varied significantly by region (p < 0.05) but not by season, with the highest levels observed in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. Environmental factors were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with mortality, including wind speed in the Andaman Sea and extreme conditions (drought and heavy rainfall) in the Upper Gulf. In the Lower Gulf of Thailand, mortality was significantly associated with a combination of environmental (sea surface temperature and wind speed) and anthropogenic factors (fishery production). Overall, environmental variability appeared to exert a stronger influence than anthropogenic stressors. These findings highlight the requirement for targeted monitoring in high-risk regions and periods, alongside improved investigation of mortality causes to support effective conservation strategies.