Introduction: Disinfectants play a critical role in reducing healthcare-associated infections by eliminating microorganisms on surfaces. However, prolonged use of disinfectants may adversely affect the skin microflora, essential for skin health and infection prevention. This study investigates the impact of disinfection on the skin microbiota and metabolites of medical personnel in operating rooms, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for safeguarding their skin health. Methods: We conducted 16S sequencing and metabolomic analysis to assess the effects of disinfection on the skin microbiota and metabolites of medical personnel. Samples were collected from operating room personnel after disinfectant exposure to identify changes in microbial communities and metabolite profiles. Results: Our analysis revealed that prolonged use of disinfectants led to alterations in skin microbial communities and microbial metabolites. These alterations included the production of harmful metabolites that could potentially promote skin infections and other health issues among medical personnel. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of minimizing disruptions to skin microbiota and metabolites caused by long-term disinfectant use to preserve the overall health of medical personnel. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between disinfectant use, skin microbiota, and metabolites, highlighting the necessity for further research in this area.

Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. While certain strains exhibit probiotic properties, others have become significant pathogens due to their high level of antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophages, as natural bacterial predators, have emerged as promising alternatives for controlling bacterial infections, especially antibiotic-resistant strains. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel bacteriophage, Enterococcus phage XWef1, which targets E. faecium, from waste materials of a feed additive production industry. The phage displayed optimal activity at pH levels between 6 and 8, with high stability at temperatures below 40 °C. It exhibited a narrow host range. Genomic analysis revealed 63 open reading frames (ORFs), including genes related to structural proteins, DNA replication, and host lysis. The comparative genomic analysis showed that XWef1 has less than 70% intergenomic similarities with its most similar phages. Thus, we propose that XWef1 is a novel Enterococcus phage belonging to a new genus. The discovery of XWef1 not only enriches our understanding of phage diversity but also offers new perspectives for phage research and development, with promising implications for microbial control and therapeutic applications.

Xyloglucan, a key component of plant cell wall polysaccharides, plays a crucial role in cell wall structural remodeling and biomass recalcitrance. This study reports the discovery and biochemical characterization of a novel glycoside hydrolase family 12 (GH12) xyloglucanase, TpXEG12a, from the biomass-degrading fungus Talaromyces pinophilus. Recombinant TpXEG12a exhibited exceptional catalytic efficiency toward xyloglucan, with a specific activity of 2375 U/mg, significantly higher than the typical range reported for GH12 xyloglucanases. The enzyme displayed optimal activity at pH 4.0 and 57 °C, with high stability in acidic conditions (pH 4–8) and moderate thermal stability. TpXEG12a demonstrated strict substrate specificity for xyloglucan, with no detectable activity against cellulose-related substrates, and primarily generated characteristic xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XXXG, XLXG/XXLG, XLLG) upon hydrolysis. Structural analysis revealed that TpXEG12a exists as a stable homodimer in solution, which likely contributes to its catalytic efficiency. Notably, TpXEG12a synergistically enhanced glucose release when combined with cellulase in lignocellulosic biomass degradation. These findings establish TpXEG12a as a promising candidate for industrial applications in biomass conversion, textile processing, and functional oligosaccharide production.

Lignocellulosic biorefineries are limited by the high cost of cellulolytic enzymes. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which integrates saccharification and fermentation in one step, offers a solution to this challenge. In this study, a cellulase-hyperproducing mutant of Talaromyces pinophilus, Y117, was generated from the parental strain TP117 via sequential ultraviolet irradiation and NTG (N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) mutagenesis. Enzymatic secretion and lignocellulose degradation capacities were evaluated, focusing on agricultural residues, particularly corncob. Y117’s performance was compared with TP117 and Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 (TR30) under high-solids fermentation. Furthermore, the lactate dehydrogenase A (ldhA) gene from Rhizopus oryzae was heterologously expressed in Y117 to direct hydrolyzed sugars toward lactic acid (LA). Y117 exhibited significantly enhanced enzymatic secretion, achieving FPase activity of 8.9 IU/mL and a substrate utilization rate of 72.2% at 125 g/L corncob solids. Y117 outperformed TP117 and TR30 in cellulase, xylanase, and CMCase activities, as well as growth under high-solids fermentation conditions. In the LA fermentation process, Y117 produced 14.20 g/L LA, a notable improvement compared to TP117 (5.33 g/L) and TR30 (2.71 g/L). While LA productivity and yield currently remain below bacterial benchmarks, the unique CBP capability of Y117 provides a foundation for further metabolic engineering toward industrial viability. The engineered T. pinophilus Y117 demonstrates promising potential as a CBP platform for efficient straw-to-LA conversion, providing a sustainable approach for third-generation biobased materials production.