Background/Objectives: Postpartum women frequently experience nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP), yet the impact of delivery mode on the function of local core muscles, particularly the transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (LM), is not well understood, limiting the development of targeted rehabilitation strategies. To compare NSLBP intensity and TrA and LM strength in women who underwent cesarean delivery (CD) or vaginal delivery (VD), and to examine the associations between pain intensity and muscle strength. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 36 women divided into two groups: 18 who underwent CD (Group A) and 18 who underwent VD (Group B). NSLBP intensity was assessed using the visual analogue scale, while TrA and LM strength were measured via a pressure biofeedback unit. Results: The two groups showed non-significant differences in age (p = 0.342), BMI (p = 0.429), or parity (p = 0.894), confirming comparable baseline characteristics. NSLBP intensity was significantly higher in the CD group (p = 0.000), and they exhibited weaker TrA (p = 0.009) strength than the VD group; however, there was a non-significant difference in LM strength (p = 0.602). The Spearman correlation analysis revealed non-significant associations between NSLBP intensity and TrA and LM strength in the CD group (p = 0.702, 0.129, respectively) and in the VD group (p = 0.149, 0.877, respectively). Conclusions: Women undergoing CD experienced higher NSLBP intensities and weaker TrA strength than those undergoing VD, while LM strength remained similar between groups. However, NSLBP intensity showed non-significant associations with TrA or LM strength in either group, suggesting that other biomechanical or neuromuscular factors may contribute to the increased post-CD NSLBP. These findings highlight the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies beyond core muscle strengthening alone.

Background/Objectives: Cesarean birth (CB) is linked to nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP). Different properties of the muscular tissue, including contractile, biomechanical, and viscous properties, may reflect its physiological or pathological condition. This study aimed to measure these properties of lumbar paravertebral muscles (LPVMs) and their relationship with post-CB mothers with moderate-severity NSLBP and match their measurements to those of the controls. Methods: Sixty women were included in this case–control research. They were divided into two equal groups: Group (A) representing cases, consisted of 30 females who experienced CB and complained of moderate-severity NSLBP, and Group (B) representing controls, consisted of 30 healthy females who had never experienced pregnancy with no or mild-severity NSLBP. Results: The statistical analysis between the two groups yielded significant differences in the right and left LPVMs’ tone (p = 0.002 and 0.015), relaxation time (p = 0.002 and 0.022), and creep (p = 0.013 and 0.008), respectively. On the other side, there were non-significant differences in the right and left LPVMs’ stiffness (p = 0.055 and 0.367) and elasticity (p = 0.115 and 0.231), respectively. The regression analysis’s final model indicated a strong overall performance (Nagelkerke: 1.00). Conclusions: The LPVMs of post-CB mothers with moderate-severity NSLBP showed remarkable changes in both contractile and viscous properties: muscle tone notably decreased, while viscosity increased. However, biomechanical properties like stiffness and elasticity showed negligible changes. This fitted regression analysis illustrated the holistic strong effect of LPVMs’ properties as risk factors contributing to post-CB NSLBP, emphasizing their consideration in diagnosis and intervention strategies for such cases.

Background: Pregnancy induces spinal changes that are generally expected to resolve by the end of the puerperium. However, the mode of delivery may influence this recovery. Purpose: This study aimed to assess pain-free active lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) in postpartum women following Cesarean birth (CB) or vaginal birth (VB), compared to women who had never been pregnant. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study included 66 women divided into three groups: Group A (n = 25, CB women), Group B (n = 16, VB women), and Group C (n = 25, controls). Lumbar ROM, including flexion, extension, bilateral side bending, and axial rotation, was measured using bubble inclinometers between the 6th and 12th postpartum weeks. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences were found among the groups in extension ROM (P = 0.002) and bilateral side bending ROM (P = 0.002 right, 0.004 left). Post-hoc analysis showed that CB women had significantly decreased extension ROM than controls (P = 0.001), and significantly decreased right and left side bending compared to both VB (P = 0.009, 0.013) and control groups (P = 0.010, 0.014). No significant differences were observed in flexion (P = 0.877) or axial rotation (P = 0.412 right, 0.753 left). Conclusion: CB women exhibited persistent limitations in lumbar extension and side bending ROMs beyond the puerperium, possibly due to scar restrictions and core muscle weakness rather than pregnancy itself. VB women demonstrated spinal mobility more comparable to controls, suggesting VB may be more favorable for postpartum spinal recovery.

Deep Sensation, Post-COVID-19 Polyneuropathy, Quality of Life, Sensory Rehabilitation, Tactile Sensation

Background: Passing from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy is correlated with a significant increase in pelvic anterior tilting that relates to lumbopelvic morbidities. Additionally, cesarean section (CS) is linked to lumbopelvic morbidities. This study measured the pelvic tilt angle and pelvic torsion in postpartum women who underwent CS after the end of the puerperium. The aim was to determine whether these kinematic pelvic measures persist or are corrected by the end of the puerperium. Therefore, the study compared these measures to those of the control group that had never been pregnant. Methods: This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for the cross-sectional comparative design, with retrospective classification of exposure (CS vs. nulliparous controls), in which 42 women were categorized into two equal-sized groups. Group (A) was 21 women who delivered by CS. Group (B) was 21 women who served as controls, who never experienced pregnancy. Women in the CS group were measured at 6–12 weeks postpartum. The digital pelvic inclinometer (DPI) was used to estimate the pelvic tilt angle. Results: The statistical analysis yielded non-significant differences between both groups in the right and left pelvic tilt angles (p = 0.385 and 0.762), respectively. Also, there was a non-significant difference in pelvic torsion between the two groups (p = 0.519). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model adjusting for multiple physical covariates confirmed that the group differences in pelvic tilt and pelvic torsion remained non-significant. Conclusions: By 8 weeks postpartum, pelvic tilt and torsion in post-CS women return to near-normal levels, with residual differences that are negligible both statistically and clinically compared with the controls. Clinical Trial Registration: The study has been registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (registration number: NCT06019962; registration link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06019962?cond=NCT06019962&rank=1).