Inhomogeneous distribution of the pinning force in superconductor results in a magnetization asymmetry. A model considering the field distribution in superconductor was developed and symmetric and asymmetric magnetization loops of porous and textured ${\text{Bi}}_{1.8}{\text{Pb}}_{0.3}{\text{Sr}}_{1.9}{\text{Ca}}_2{\text{Cu}}_3{\text{O}}_x$ were fitted. It is found that the thermal equilibrium magnetization realizes in crystals smaller than some size depending on temperature and magnetic field.

Hysterestic behavior of the magnetoresistance of granular HTSCs and its interaction with the magnetic hysteresis are studied by measuring magnetoresistance R( H) and critical current Ic( H) of...