Characterized by their high sensitivity and flexible deformation, flexible pressure sensors have been extensively applied in various fields such as wearable electronics, health monitoring, soft robotics, and human–computer interaction. In this research, we developed a dual-response pressure sensor (DRPS) designed to identify object materials. By integrating the operating principles of capacitive and resistive sensors and employing microstructured dielectric layers, we enhanced the sensitivity and detection range of the pressure sensor. Additionally, this research introduced an innovative, simple, and cost-effective method for preparing flexible pressure sensors. Following a comprehensive performance evaluation, the DRPS exhibited high sensitivity, a broad detection range, and robust stability. Finally, utilizing a mechanical claw equipped with an intelligent perception data collection system, we effectively distinguished various materials, further corroborating the practicality of DRPS in intelligent perception applications.