Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the fastest-growing non-communicable disease worldwide, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes cases and imposing a significant health burden globally. Due to its phenotypic heterogeneity and composite genetic underpinnings, T2D requires a precision medicine approach personalized to individual molecular profiles, thereby shifting away from the traditional “one-size-fits-all” medical methods. This review advocates for a thorough pharmacomultiomics approach to enhance precision medicine for T2D. It emphasizes personalized treatment strategies that enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects by integrating data from genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics, and epigenomics. We summarize key findings on candidate genes impacting diabetic medication responses and explore the potential of pharmacometabolomics in predicting drug efficacy. The role of pharmacoproteomics in prognosis and discovering new therapeutic targets is discussed, along with transcriptomics’ contribution to understanding T2D pathophysiology. Additionally, pharmacomicrobiomics is explored to understand gut microbiota interactions with antidiabetic drugs. Emerging evidence on utilizing epigenomic profiles in improving drug efficacy and personalized treatment is also reviewed, illustrating their implications in personalized medicine. In this paper, we discuss the integration of these layers of omics data, examining recently developed paradigms that leverage complex data to deepen our understanding of diabetes. Such integrative approaches advance precision medicine strategies to tackle the disease by better understanding its complex biology.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment and management (RAM) services face many challenges and barriers in the community. Mobile technology offers the opportunity to empower patients and improve access to health prevention strategies to overcome these barriers. However, there is limited information on the availability and use of CVDRAM-related mobile technology in the Arabic language. To pilot test an Arabic version of a CVDRAM application among potential end-users accessing community pharmacy services in Qatar. Translation of an established cardiovascular risk calculator (EPI·RxISK™) into the Arabic language was conducted. The English/Arabic version of the calculator was tested by potential end-users, consisting of a sample of community pharmacists (CRxs) and members of the public (MOP) accessing community pharmacy services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the quality attributes of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). Data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. A total of 10 CRxs and 5 MOP were interviewed. Five themes emerged to describe the EPI·RxISK™ calculator: Engagement, Functionality, Attractiveness, Education, and Responsiveness. For the most part, positive subthemes were associated with each of these themes. The functionality and educational themes had some negative subthemes. End-users of the EPI·RxISK™ calculator had mostly positive descriptors that were aligned with all five quality attributes of the web and mobile applications.

Introduction Simulation-based interprofessional education (Sim-IPE) enables health professions students to collaborate in a realistic, safe, simulated clinical environment. Debriefing is a critical component of simulation, facilitating reflective learning and improvement in team performance. Instructor-led (IL) debriefing is considered the gold standard but is resource-intensive and may not be feasible in settings with limited faculty availability. Peer-led (PL) debriefing offers a potentially cost-effective alternative; however, its impact on debriefing quality, interprofessional competencies and professional identity in Sim-IPE remains underexplored. This study aims to compare PL and IL debriefing in terms of perceived quality and impact on interprofessional outcomes. Methods and analysis This manuscript reports a prospectively registered protocol for a single-centre, parallel-group, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial to be conducted at Qatar University Simulation Centre (Tamayuz). The trial consists of two arms: an IL debriefing arm (control) and a PL debriefing arm (intervention). A total of 120 students will undergo a comprehensive simulation experience, including pre-briefing and simulation, followed by random assignment to one of the debriefing arms. Outcome measures will include the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare Scale, Satisfaction with Simulation Experience tool, Modified McMaster Ottawa Scale for Teams and Extended Professional Identity Scale. At the time of the original submission, participant recruitment had not yet commenced. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Qatar University (QU-IRB 237/2025-EA). All participants in this study will provide informed consent prior to participation in the study. Findings of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and may be presented at conferences. Trial registration This study is prospectively registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry, a recognised clinical trial registry, prior to participant enrolment. Trial registration number ISRCTN52780669.