Xiaoqiang Zhu

Mr. Xiaoqiang Zhu


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

3Years (2024-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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15 December 2024 in Pharmaceutics
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
XZXiaoqiang Zhu
Xiaoqiang Zhu
WKWeimin Kong
Weimin Kong
ZWZehua Wang
Zehua Wang
XLXiaodong Liu
Xiaodong Liu
LLLi Liu
Li Liu
Background/Objectives: SPT-07A, a D-borneol, is currently being developed in China for the treatment of ischemic stroke. We aimed to create a whole-body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the pharmacokinetics of SPT-07A in rats, dogs, and humans. Methods: The in vitro metabolism of SPT-07A was studied using hepatic, renal, and intestinal microsomes. The pharmacokinetics of SPT-07A in rats were simulated using the developed PBPK model and in vitro data. Following validation using pharmacokinetic data in rats, the developed PBPK model was scaled up to dogs and humans. Results: Data from hepatic microsomes revealed that SPT-07A was primarily metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs). Glucuronidation of SPT-07A also occurred in the kidney and intestine. The in vitro to in vivo extrapolation analysis showed that hepatic clearance of SPT-07A in rats, dogs, and humans accounted for 62.2%, 87.3%, and 76.5% of the total clearance, respectively. The renal clearance of SPT-07A in rats, dogs, and humans accounted for 32.6%, 12.7%, and 23.1% of the total clearance, respectively. Almost all of the observed concentrations of SPT-07A following single or multi-dose to rats, dogs, and humans were within the 5th–95th percentiles of simulations from 100 virtual subjects. Sensitivity analysis showed that hepatic metabolic velocity, renal metabolic velocity, and hepatic blood flow remarkably affected the exposure to SPT-07A in humans. Dedrick plots were also used to predict the pharmacokinetics of SPT-07A in humans. Prediction accuracy using the PBPK model is superior to that of Dedrick plots. Conclusions: We elucidate UGT-mediated SPT-07A metabolism in the liver, kidney, and intestine of rats, dogs, and humans. The pharmacokinetics of SPT-07A were successfully simulated using the developed PBPK model.