RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-βligand) and OPG (osteoprotegerin) are two proteins involved in bone remodelling. During the active phase of periodontal disease, an imbalance between the ratios of the two elements can be noticed. While the expression of RANKL is elevated compared with that of OPG, the RANKL is available to bond with RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β). This study was conducted on 41 patients: 19 with generalized aggressive periodontitis, 18 with severe chronic periodontitis, and 4 periodontal healthy subjects. For each patient included, we determined the salivary levels of RANKL and OPG with the help of two Human ELISA kits. The results show that the patients affected by periodontitis, either aggressive or chronic, have significant higher values of RANKL and RANKL/OPG ratio. This values correlate with the local inflammation status.

Neoplasia occurs as a result of genetic mutations. Research evaluating the association between gene mutations and skin cancer is limited and has produced inconsistent results. There are no established guidelines for screening skin cancer at molecular level. It should also be noted that the combinations of some mutations may play a role in skin tumors’ biology and immune response. There are three major types of skin cancer, and the originality of this study comes from its approach of each of them.

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is a rare pediatric malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, particularly when located in the rhinopharynx and sphenoidal floor, which complicates diagnosis and increases the risk of misclassification as benign growths. The specific genotype of aRMS is associated with a worse clinical outcome. In young children, especially those aged 4 to 12 years, rhinopharyngeal masses are often attributed to chronic adenoiditis; however, other benign (e.g., angiofibroma in boys) and malignant tumors may also be present. Initial symptoms frequently include nasal obstruction, muco-purulent nasal discharge, serous otitis media, sinusitis, and epistaxis. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the second most common ENT neoplasm in children, following lymphoma, with an incidence of approximately 6 cases per 1,000,000 annually. This report presents the case of an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with aRMS, accompanied by a literature review. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma should be suspected in children presenting with a vegetative tumor in the rhinopharynx or paranasal sinuses. Combined treatment approaches (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) should be tailored to tumor characteristics. Neuronavigation-guided functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is an effective option for achieving complete tumor excision, depending on tumor size and extent. The prognosis remains reserved and is contingent upon accurate evaluation and timely intervention. Rigorous follow-up, including endoscopic and imagistic investigation, is crucial for early detection of recurrences, thereby improving treatment outcomes.

Chemotherapy often presents side effects, including oral adverse effects that may interfere with the completion of the oncology treatment, threatening the outcome of the treatment and significantly affecting the quality of life of the patient. The aim of the present study was to evaluate two antiseptic, antimicrobial and antifungal substances that may be used in order to achieve improved oral hygiene and to lower the prevalence of side effects during chemotherapy. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: Placebo, oral rinse with cetrimide and mouth coating with a pharmacy‑made compound (nystatin, neomycin and metronidazole). Their oral hygiene and periodontal parameters were determined at baseline and 14 days of use. It was revealed that the most effective clinical results were achieved in the group that used cetrimide mouth rinse that highlighted the best improvements of parameter values, whereas the control and coating‑using group did not obtain statistically significant improvements. Cetrimide oral rinse was demonstrated to be an efficient adjunct method in achieving better oral hygiene and improved periodontal parameters in chemotherapy patients. The present study offers an alternative to the commonly used compounds that may present unwanted side effects in patients during chemotherapy, it promotes the importance of good oral hygiene in the prevention of chemotherapy‑induced oral adverse effects and improves the quality of life of the patient.

Patients with osteoporosis exhibit a nearly twofold higher diagnosis rate of periodontitis compared to the general population, indicating osteoporosis is a potentially significant risk factor for periodontitis development. This study explored changes in periodontal and radiological parameters after systemic alendronate use in osteoporotic patients with periodontal disease. Sixty-four post-menopausal adults diagnosed with osteoporosis and periodontal disease were divided into two groups: Group A, without bisphosphonate therapy, and Group B, receiving alendronate (70mg/week) for 12 months. Both groups underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment. Parameters including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and radiographic infrabony defect depth (IBD) were evaluated at baseline and after 12 months. Oral administration of alendronate at 70 mg/week for 12 months was found to be safe and effective in enhancing the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy both clinically and radiologically. This suggests alendronate could be a valuable adjunctive treatment for managing periodontal disease in osteoporotic patients

Background: Osteoporosis and periodontitis are prevalent chronic conditions in aging populations and are both characterized by bone loss in distinct anatomical compartments. Increasing attention has focused on inflammation as a potential biological link between systemic skeletal deterioration and periodontal breakdown. Objective: This narrative review summarizes inflammatory mechanisms that may link osteoporosis (or low bone mineral density) with periodontal status and critically appraises the clinical evidence supporting these associations. Summary of evidence: Osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal and older individuals, is increasingly understood within an osteoimmune framework in which low-grade systemic inflammation contributes to remodeling imbalance. Cytokine networks and immune cell–mediated signaling can promote osteoclastogenesis and weaken coupling between resorption and formation. Periodontitis is driven by a dysbiosis-associated, non-resolving host response that sustains local inflammation and favors connective tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption. Convergent pathways include upregulation of osteoclastogenic signals (notably RANKL/OPG imbalance), cytokine amplification loops, and adaptive immune polarization that may lower the threshold for destructive inflammation. Clinically, observational studies frequently report worse periodontal parameters in individuals with osteoporosis or low bone mineral density, with signals often more apparent in postmenopausal cohorts. Nonetheless, heterogeneity in phenotype definitions, residual confounding, and the predominance of cross-sectional designs limit causal inference; genetic causal-inference studies generally argue against a strong direct causal effect of bone mineral density on periodontitis risk. Conclusions: The most defensible interpretation is a modifier model: systemic skeletal status and osteoporosis-related inflammatory tone may influence susceptibility to periodontal breakdown or its progression once local dysbiosis-driven inflammation is established. Future work should prioritize standardized periodontal phenotyping, progression-focused longitudinal designs, and the integration of inflammatory and bone-turnover biomarkers, while accounting for menopausal stage and medication exposure.