Roots are fundamental to the growth, development, and survival of plants. Beyond anchoring the plant, roots absorb water and nutrients, supporting the plant’s ability to grow and function normally. Root systems, originating from the apical meristem, exhibit significant diversity depending on the plant species. ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism, present in both above- and below-ground plant tissues. While ROS were once considered merely harmful byproducts of oxygen metabolism, they are now recognized as critical signaling molecules that regulate plant growth and development. Under stress conditions, plants produce elevated levels of ROS, which can inhibit growth. However, moderate ROS levels act as signals that integrate various regulatory pathways, contributing to normal plant development. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on how ROS precisely regulate root growth and development. This review provides an overview of ROS production pathways and their regulatory mechanisms in plants, with a particular focus on their influence on root development.

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest international research on detection methods for glucosinolates in cruciferous plants. This article examines various analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and capillary electrophoresis (CE), while highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, this review delves into recent advancements in sample preparation, extraction, and quantification methods, offering valuable insights into the accurate and efficient determination of glucosinolate content across diverse plant materials. Furthermore, it underscores the critical importance of the standardization and validation of these methodologies to ensure reliable glucosinolate analyses in both scientific research and industrial applications.

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest international research on detection methods for glucosinolates in cruciferous plants. The article examines various analytical tech-niques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, the review delves into recent advancements in sample preparation, extraction, and quantification methods, offering valuable insights into the accurate and efficient determination of glucosinolate content across diverse plant materials. Furthermore, it underscores the critical importance of standardization and validation of these methodologies to ensure reliable glucosinolate analysis in both scientific research and industrial applications.