This research introduces the conceptualization and examination of a microwave sensor incorporated with a microstrip band stop filter. The microwave sensor’s design and assessment are based on the microstrip’s parallel coupled lines, employing a band stop filter configuration at 2.45 GHz on an FR4 substrate. This study encompasses the evaluation of soil moisture spanning from 20 to 80%. The measurement procedure involved a network analyzer, specifically the KEYSIGHT model E5063A, operating within the frequency range of 100 kHz to 4.5 GHz. This investigation centers around scrutinizing the frequency response of the insertion loss (S₂₁) across this spectrum. The outcomes of the experimentation unveiled notable disparities in frequency shifts. The resultant frequency values, labeled as (f₀-f₁), manifested at 0, 18, 60, 89, 145, and 200 MHz, sequentially. Remarkably, the correlation between the percentage representation of the frequency shift in the transmission coefficient and the frequency itself emerged distinctly, even as the range of tested samples was finetuned.

This research presents the development and analysis of a microwave sensor designed with a microstrip band-stop filter, aimed at applications in electrical engineering and food quality assessment. The sensor employs parallel-coupled lines within the microstrip, integrating a band-stop filter at 2.45 GHz on an FR4 substrate. The primary objective is to evaluate preserved fish samples to demonstrate the sensor’s efficacy and applicability. Measurements were conducted using a KEYSIGHT model E5063A network analyzer, covering a frequency range from 0.1 GHz to 3 GHz. The analysis focuses on the frequency response of the insertion loss (S₂₁) across specified frequencies. The results indicate a significant correlation between the percentage shift in the transmission coefficient and the frequency, even when the sample range was meticulously adjusted. These findings underscore the potential of microwave sensors in monitoring the physical properties of preserved food, particularly within food production and quality control processes. The sensor facilitates rapid and precise assessments of food properties, highlighting its broad applicability in various sectors of the food industry. Furthermore, this research contributes to the advancement of microwave technology, suggesting new pathways for future studies and applications in engineering and industrial contexts. The integration of microstrip technology with band-stop filters in sensor design presents a novel approach that enhances the accuracy and efficiency of food quality monitoring systems. This study not only establishes a foundation for further technological developments but also emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of modern engineering solutions, combining principles of electrical engineering with practical applications in the food industry. This innovative approach could lead to more sophisticated and reliable methods for ensuring food safety and quality.