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The theoretical and empirical literature reports that worker co-operatives protect employment better than investor-owned firms (IOFs) do, especially during economic downturns. This paper introduces the new hypothesis that not only worker co-operatives but all co-operative types (e.g. worker, producer, consumer, credit) protect employment better than IOFs do because they all satisfy their members’ needs—instead of maximizing shareholder value—by delivering a stable stream of goods and services. A long-standing pattern in needs satisfaction implies constant activity and employment. To substantiate our hypothesis theoretically, we resort to the evolutionary interpretation of the firm as a problem solver and to the literature on organizational resilience. We test the hypothesis using the data released by the Italian Institute of Statistics for all Italian enterprises in the 1996–2008 pre-crisis and 2008–15 crisis periods. Dynamic multifactor partitioning confirms that in Italy, all typologies of co-operatives withstood the crisis better than other business forms did and that co-operatives were affected the least by economic cyclicality and employment loss.
Carlo Borzaga; Chiara Carini; Ermanno Celeste Tortia. Co‐operative enterprise anti‐cyclicality and the economic crisis: A comparative analysis of employment dynamics in Italy. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCarlo Borzaga, Chiara Carini, Ermanno Celeste Tortia. Co‐operative enterprise anti‐cyclicality and the economic crisis: A comparative analysis of employment dynamics in Italy. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlo Borzaga; Chiara Carini; Ermanno Celeste Tortia. 2021. "Co‐operative enterprise anti‐cyclicality and the economic crisis: A comparative analysis of employment dynamics in Italy." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics , no. : 1.
In most countries, self-financed accumulation of capital in cooperative enterprises makes substantial (but variable) use of indivisible reserves, which can be understood as common-pool capital resources, since they are characterized by rivalry and non-excludability in utilization among the members of the cooperative. The paper is structured in two main parts. The first part deals with dynamic inefficiency in investments and the problem of undercapitalization due to the members’ truncated temporal horizon in worker cooperatives. The conjugation of different types of reserves, divisible and indivisible, is envisaged as possible solution to under-investment. In the second part, a new layered system of reserve funds, both divisible and indivisible, is discussed, showing that each different layer has distinctive functions in facing the stability vs performance trade-off: stability and strength of patrimony are adjudicated to the indivisible layers, while efficient allocation of reinvested funds and members’ financial involvement require divisible reserve layers.
Ermanno C. Tortia. Capital as common-pool resource: Horizon problem, financial sustainability and reserves in worker cooperatives. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management 2021, 9, 100137 .
AMA StyleErmanno C. Tortia. Capital as common-pool resource: Horizon problem, financial sustainability and reserves in worker cooperatives. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management. 2021; 9 (2):100137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmanno C. Tortia. 2021. "Capital as common-pool resource: Horizon problem, financial sustainability and reserves in worker cooperatives." Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management 9, no. 2: 100137.
This paper considers resource coordination as a problem of allocation and distribution of resources in organisations pursuing social aims, or social enterprises (SEs). These goals are close to the Polanyian idea of the primacy of society over self-regulating markets and to reciprocity as mechanism of coordination of the economic activity that is different from both market exchange and redistribution. We ask what the specificities of organisations that pursue social aims are, and what coordination mechanisms underpin their production. The premise is that individuals are driven by plural motivations, including pro-social motivations besides self-interested ones, thus requiring a plurality of coordination mechanisms. SEs make principal use of cooperative pacts based on norms of reciprocity, but include also market exchanges and state-led coordination, both at organisational and systemic levels. Specific institutional solutions in support of cooperation and reciprocity, including asset distribution, surplus accumulation, redistribution, and multi-stakeholding are considered.
Silvia Sacchetti; Carlo Borzaga; Ermanno C. Tortia. The Institutions of Livelihood and Social Enterprise Systems. Forum for Social Economics 2021, 1 -16.
AMA StyleSilvia Sacchetti, Carlo Borzaga, Ermanno C. Tortia. The Institutions of Livelihood and Social Enterprise Systems. Forum for Social Economics. 2021; ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Sacchetti; Carlo Borzaga; Ermanno C. Tortia. 2021. "The Institutions of Livelihood and Social Enterprise Systems." Forum for Social Economics , no. : 1-16.
Ermanno C. Tortia. Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx’s Theory of Exploitation. Review of Political Economy 2021, 1 -2.
AMA StyleErmanno C. Tortia. Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx’s Theory of Exploitation. Review of Political Economy. 2021; ():1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmanno C. Tortia. 2021. "Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx’s Theory of Exploitation." Review of Political Economy , no. : 1-2.
Purpose This study aims to examine the relationships between the rules that a cooperative membership decides upon and members' motives for action. It considers individual self-interest in relation with motives that are consistent with the values of cooperation. Design/methodology/approach This paper comprises two parts. The first is theoretical and discusses cooperative governance's features in the context of individual motives. The second part is empirical and based on survey data from Italian multistakeholder, worker-run social cooperatives. It uses cross-sectional data gathered from 4,134 workers and 310 managers in 310 cooperatives in Italy to provide evidence of rules and individual motives. Regression analysis confirms the existence of a linkage between individual self-interest and motives. Findings Rules mainly, but not exclusively, play an enabling function, which implies responding to both nonmonetary and monetary individual motives. With greater articulation within institutions – through the definition of multiple rights for accessing decision-making – the authors expect increases in individual capabilities to match motives with specific organizational rules in pursuit of consistent ends. This is confirmed by the association that the authors found between individual motives and commitment. Research limitations/implications The authors’ illustration is limited to one specific type of cooperative, the social cooperative, in which prosocial motives are expected to be stronger than in other cooperative forms, although one could say that all cooperative models emphasize procommunity and prosocial aims. Data are cross-sectional and do not allow for the identification of causality, only of statistical relations' strength. Practical implications The continuous scrutiny and adaptation of motives and means imply that cooperators communicate and engage in a learning process. Originality/value While the institutional spheres that support investor-owned organizations and self-interested profit-maximizing behavior have been analyzed, a framework that accommodates personal control rights and a richer view of individual motives is lacking. The value added from the paper is to suggest one.
Silvia Sacchetti; Ermanno Celeste Tortia. Governing cooperatives in the context of individual motives. International Journal of Social Economics 2020, 48, 181 -203.
AMA StyleSilvia Sacchetti, Ermanno Celeste Tortia. Governing cooperatives in the context of individual motives. International Journal of Social Economics. 2020; 48 (2):181-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Sacchetti; Ermanno Celeste Tortia. 2020. "Governing cooperatives in the context of individual motives." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 2: 181-203.
The creative class thesis considers the creative class, compared to human capital, as a better driver of regional economic development. We test this thesis for Germany. We measure creative class and human capital by occupation and education, respectively using classification codes from The Sample of Integrated Labor Market Biographies (SIAB), and proxy regional economic development by per capita income and employment. Our panel estimation results with system GMM show that the human capital effect on per capita income is substantially stronger than the creative class, while the creative class drives employment far better than human capital does. The evidence does not support the notion that the creative class drives development better than human capital.
Esubalew Alehegn Tiruneh; Silvia Sacchetti; Ermanno C. Tortia. The effect on economic development of creative class versus human capital: panel evidence from German regions. European Planning Studies 2020, 29, 75 -93.
AMA StyleEsubalew Alehegn Tiruneh, Silvia Sacchetti, Ermanno C. Tortia. The effect on economic development of creative class versus human capital: panel evidence from German regions. European Planning Studies. 2020; 29 (1):75-93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsubalew Alehegn Tiruneh; Silvia Sacchetti; Ermanno C. Tortia. 2020. "The effect on economic development of creative class versus human capital: panel evidence from German regions." European Planning Studies 29, no. 1: 75-93.
This article aims at delivering new theoretical interpretation and quantitative evidence concerning the emergence and development of social enterprises (SEs) in Italy. Where the former is concerned the article seeks to provide the core features necessary to identify when an organization can be defined as a SE. In particular, the analysis retraces the steps back to the intersection between “classical” studies on entrepreneurial non-profit organizations and the more recent literature on entrepreneurial action and social responsibility for the business enterprise. The institutional and quantitative analysis then focuses on the development of SEs in Italy, discussing the institutional evolution of the new legal forms, and the principal area of activity of SEs in Italy. This country represents a key player in the evolution of SEs as it pioneered legislation and practice in Europe and the emerging new frontier for modeling different types of SEs.
Simone Poledrini; Ermanno Tortia. Social Enterprises: Evolution of the Organizational Model and Application to the Italian Case. Entrepreneurship Research Journal 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleSimone Poledrini, Ermanno Tortia. Social Enterprises: Evolution of the Organizational Model and Application to the Italian Case. Entrepreneurship Research Journal. 2020; 10 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Poledrini; Ermanno Tortia. 2020. "Social Enterprises: Evolution of the Organizational Model and Application to the Italian Case." Entrepreneurship Research Journal 10, no. 4: 1.
We study the problem of the renewal of workers’ intrinsic and pro-social motivations in democratic work settings, as found in Italian social enterprises, organizations in the social economy that deliver social and welfare services. Building upon institutional, system, and management theory we hypothesize that social enterprises value and protect pro-social motivations as crucial resources. Specifically, hypothesis-testing examines the effect of the work relational context and of job satisfaction on the renewal of self-esteem intrinsic motivations and pro-social motivations. Our sample includes 320 social enterprises matched with 4134 paid workers. The results of categorical principal components analysis, OLS regression and structural equation modelling show that worker wellbeing (substantive and formal satisfaction) mediates the relation between the relational context (collaborative teamwork and fairness, both procedural and interactional) and the renewal of self-esteem and pro-social motivations.
Ermanno C. Tortia; Silvia Sacchetti; Vladislav Valentinov. The ‘protective function’ of social enterprises: understanding the renewal of multiple sets of motivations. Review of Social Economy 2020, 78, 373 -410.
AMA StyleErmanno C. Tortia, Silvia Sacchetti, Vladislav Valentinov. The ‘protective function’ of social enterprises: understanding the renewal of multiple sets of motivations. Review of Social Economy. 2020; 78 (3):373-410.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmanno C. Tortia; Silvia Sacchetti; Vladislav Valentinov. 2020. "The ‘protective function’ of social enterprises: understanding the renewal of multiple sets of motivations." Review of Social Economy 78, no. 3: 373-410.
The last few years witnessed theoretical and practical contributions to the field of social innovation and social enterprise. However, analysis of the interplay between these two different realms is still limited. This article aims to fill some gaps in this respect. We deal with historical reconstruction of the concept of Social Enterprise and Social Innovation, and their conceptual premises. We consider the process of creation of social innovation in social enterprises. As members’ motivations, ownership rights and governance rules in social enterprises create a new relational context and new routines, which are germane to the production of social knowledge and deliberation, social innovation can be considered one of the main outcomes of this setting. Social motivations, collective action of a cooperative kind, multi‐stakeholder governance and socialization of resources, and their interplay are singled out as main drivers of innovation. Social innovation is seen as akin to novelty in social interaction, a non‐standardized and non‐standardizable outcome of the operation of this organizational form.
Ermanno C. Tortia; Florence Degavre; Simone Poledrini. Why are social enterprises good candidates for social innovation? Looking for personal and institutional drivers of innovation. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 2020, 91, 459 -477.
AMA StyleErmanno C. Tortia, Florence Degavre, Simone Poledrini. Why are social enterprises good candidates for social innovation? Looking for personal and institutional drivers of innovation. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics. 2020; 91 (3):459-477.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmanno C. Tortia; Florence Degavre; Simone Poledrini. 2020. "Why are social enterprises good candidates for social innovation? Looking for personal and institutional drivers of innovation." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 91, no. 3: 459-477.
Purpose This study investigates how the creation of social value occurs in different organisational fields, and how it is implemented by organisations that are typically associated with member welfare and social objectives. The purpose of this study, specifically, is to analyse how social responsibility is implemented in organisational forms that do not pursue profit-making objectives in an exclusive or dominant way, that is, organisations that explicitly shape their aims and governance around the production of social value. Design/methodology/approach The paper discusses the main types of organisational forms and their relation with social responsibility. It then presents four case studies completed between 2011 and 2013 in Scotland, UK. These include a range of types of non-investor-owned organisations: two employee-owned companies, one co-operative enterprise and one social enterprise. The case studies have explanatory and descriptive nature, and were aimed at enquiring how non-conventional organisations design their governance, achieve economic sustainability and show capacity to produce social value. Findings Findings highlight the most common elements of the modality by which social responsibility is instituted in the non-profit sector. These include: modifying control rights (“who takes part” and “according to what criteria”); including stakeholders in decision-making processes eventually by means of external networking (how decisions are made and what resources are shared); and making societal aims explicit (“to what expected effects”). Results also emphasise that the production of social value presents challenges. Research limitations/implications Results indicate that social responsibility can be created in different ways. This study’s analysis, however, is limited to illustrative cases from the specific context of Scotland. First, further research is needed on solutions that contribute to a practical understanding on how social value is produced in a variety of contexts. Second, this research does not address what competences are required to develop such solutions. Finally, in this study, the focus has been mostly on successful cases. More insights on the difficulties and limitations that non-investor-owned organisations face when implementing social responsibility would be needed. Practical implications The implementation of this study’s findings is within the control of practitioners and can be useful to the sector, as it identifies the features and challenges of governance consistent with deep forms of social responsibility. Social implications The paper identifies forms of organisations that place the creation of social value at their core. In doing so, this study’s contribution improves understanding around forms of enterprise that can generate positive impacts for society, so that society can promote them actively. Originality/value This study’s contribution offers unique case studies using a framework that analyses social responsibility in a novel way that is by explaining how non-conventional firms design their governance consistently with the aim of producing value for society and to what extent this is done by including diverse interests coming from a variety of stakeholders.
Silvia Sacchetti; Ermanno Tortia. Social responsibility in non-investor-owned organisations. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 2020, 20, 343 -363.
AMA StyleSilvia Sacchetti, Ermanno Tortia. Social responsibility in non-investor-owned organisations. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society. 2020; 20 (2):343-363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Sacchetti; Ermanno Tortia. 2020. "Social responsibility in non-investor-owned organisations." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 20, no. 2: 343-363.
This paper considers resource coordination in production systems featuring the presence of enterprises and organizations pursuing social, health-related, educational, cultural, and environmental aims, or social enterprises (SEs). The resource coordination problem is one of allocating and distributing resources towards these aims. By their very nature, these goals are very close to the Polanyian idea of the primacy of society over the self-regulating market. We ask what the specificities of organisations that pursue social aims are, and what coordination mechanisms underpin their production. The premise is that individuals are driven by plural motivations, including pro-social motivations besides self-interested ones, thus requiring a plurality of coordination mechanisms. The paper suggests that SEs make principal use of cooperative pacts based on norms of reciprocity, but include also market and state-led coordination, both at organisational and systemic levels. We consider specific institutional solutions in support of cooperation and reciprocity. These are: combined rules on profit and asset distribution, surplus accumulation and redistribution, and multi-stakeholding.
Silvia Sacchetti; Carlo Borzaga; Ermanno Tortia. The Institutions of Livelihood and Social Enterprise Systems. SSRN Electronic Journal 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleSilvia Sacchetti, Carlo Borzaga, Ermanno Tortia. The Institutions of Livelihood and Social Enterprise Systems. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Sacchetti; Carlo Borzaga; Ermanno Tortia. 2019. "The Institutions of Livelihood and Social Enterprise Systems." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.
Worker co-operatives have been shown as characterised by higher wage volatility while providing higher employment stability compared with investor-owned firms (IOFs). These stylised facts show co-operatives’ stronger tendency to preserve employment more than maximising members’ incomes or profits. Most empirical tests in different national contexts also provide evidence of lower wages in worker co-operatives than in IOFs. Such evidence is unexplained to date. To fill this explanatory gap, we resort to the Shapiro and Stiglitz (Am Econ Rev 74(3):433–444, 1984) model of unemployment as a worker discipline device. Given lower agency costs, more efficient monitoring and the absence of wage premiums compensating for the expected costs of contractual failures, we show that equilibrium wages in co-operatives can be lower than in IOFs, while employment, ceteris paribus, is always higher. We draw the following conclusions: (1) Equilibrium unemployment can be at least partly interpreted as a negative external effect of labour contract failures and bilateral opportunism. (2) Shapiro and Stiglitz’s (1984) result is a special case of a broader class of equilibria characterised by contractual imperfections in the agency relation. (3) Various ownership forms can have different impacts on equilibrium unemployment and wages.
Marina Albanese; Cecilia Navarra; Ermanno Tortia. Equilibrium unemployment as a worker insurance device: wage setting in worker owned enterprises. Economia Politica 2019, 36, 653 -671.
AMA StyleMarina Albanese, Cecilia Navarra, Ermanno Tortia. Equilibrium unemployment as a worker insurance device: wage setting in worker owned enterprises. Economia Politica. 2019; 36 (3):653-671.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Albanese; Cecilia Navarra; Ermanno Tortia. 2019. "Equilibrium unemployment as a worker insurance device: wage setting in worker owned enterprises." Economia Politica 36, no. 3: 653-671.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Abstact This contribution focuses on forms of CSR of the
Silvia Sacchetti; Ermanno Tortia. The notion of social responsibility in social enterprises and non-profit organizations. Corporate Governance: Search for the advanced practices 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleSilvia Sacchetti, Ermanno Tortia. The notion of social responsibility in social enterprises and non-profit organizations. Corporate Governance: Search for the advanced practices. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Sacchetti; Ermanno Tortia. 2019. "The notion of social responsibility in social enterprises and non-profit organizations." Corporate Governance: Search for the advanced practices , no. : 1.
We bring the theory of the for-profit firm to bear on the economics of nonprofit organization by re-examining the literature on the delineation of organizational boundaries and the determination of cost-effective governance mechanisms. This is enabled by explicit consideration of nonprofit firms’ mission orientation as nonprofits engage in activities that may be related or unrelated to their core missions. Decisions on both organizational boundaries and governance are made differently for these two activity types. Based on the re-examination of governance in nonprofits, in the second part of the chapter, we propose a new framework of analysis in which market, hierarchy and collective action represent the three fundamental coordination mechanisms that define the space of entrepreneurial action. While nonprofits do not exclude market and hierarchy to achieve coordination, they represent the organizational form nearest to collective action as dominant coordination mechanism.
Ermanno Tortia; Vladislav Valentinov. Internal organization and governance. Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management 2018, 285 -299.
AMA StyleErmanno Tortia, Vladislav Valentinov. Internal organization and governance. Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management. 2018; ():285-299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmanno Tortia; Vladislav Valentinov. 2018. "Internal organization and governance." Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management , no. : 285-299.
Contemporary literature dealing with the governance and exploitation of common-pool natural resources was initiated by Elinor Ostrom in 1990, and has been growing fast ever since. On the contrary, within the same research stream, the study of the presence and economic role of common resources in entrepreneurial organizations is, to date, under-researched. This work endeavors to fill some theoretical gaps in this research perspective by: (i) spelling out a new-institutionalist framework for the analysis of the accumulation and governance of common capital resources within organizational boundaries; (ii) considering co-operative enterprises as the organizational form that, on the basis of historical record, and of behavioral and institutional characteristics, demonstrated to be most compatible with a substantial role for common and non-divided asset-ownership and with its governance thereof; and (iii) evidencing and explaining the theoretical connection between cooperative longevity and the presence of non-divided asset ownership. The economic forces influencing the optimal level of self-financed common capital resources in co-operatives are enquired. Conclusions to the paper evidence the main reasons why the new approach can better explain than preceding ones the economic sustainability and longevity of cooperative enterprises.
Ermanno C. Tortia. The Firm as a Common. Non-Divided Ownership, Patrimonial Stability and Longevity of Co-Operative Enterprises. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1023 .
AMA StyleErmanno C. Tortia. The Firm as a Common. Non-Divided Ownership, Patrimonial Stability and Longevity of Co-Operative Enterprises. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1023.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmanno C. Tortia. 2018. "The Firm as a Common. Non-Divided Ownership, Patrimonial Stability and Longevity of Co-Operative Enterprises." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1023.
Simone Poledrini; Florence Degavre; Ermanno Tortia. Editorial: Background and Further Perspectives on Social Innovation in Social Enterprises. The Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity 2018, 7, 1 -13.
AMA StyleSimone Poledrini, Florence Degavre, Ermanno Tortia. Editorial: Background and Further Perspectives on Social Innovation in Social Enterprises. The Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity. 2018; 7 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Poledrini; Florence Degavre; Ermanno Tortia. 2018. "Editorial: Background and Further Perspectives on Social Innovation in Social Enterprises." The Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity 7, no. 1: 1-13.
This paper provides evidence on the role of art experts (bohemians) in high-skilled professionals' locational choices in German regions (NUTS 3) over the period 1998–2008. In particular, it examines Richard Florida's thesis, which considers art experts as creative people who attract high-skilled labour force. Our panel data estimation results support the thesis that art experts have positive and significant impact on high-skilled experts and that these individuals flock where art experts are. We also find that regional per capita income and employment have positive and robust effect on the distribution of high-skilled professionals. The positive effects suggest that the distribution of the high-skilled labor force is a reflection of economic and non-economic factors.
Esubalew Alehegn Tiruneh; Silvia Sacchetti; Ermanno Tortia. Do art experts (bohemians) attract high-skilled professionals? Evidence from panel data in German regions. Competition & Change 2017, 22, 81 -97.
AMA StyleEsubalew Alehegn Tiruneh, Silvia Sacchetti, Ermanno Tortia. Do art experts (bohemians) attract high-skilled professionals? Evidence from panel data in German regions. Competition & Change. 2017; 22 (1):81-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsubalew Alehegn Tiruneh; Silvia Sacchetti; Ermanno Tortia. 2017. "Do art experts (bohemians) attract high-skilled professionals? Evidence from panel data in German regions." Competition & Change 22, no. 1: 81-97.
In this work, we apply the electro-magnetism geometrical model of the Möbius Strip in the context of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in order to test the relationship between CSR and organizational performance. We exploit a unique dataset that includes 4135 workers in a matched sample of 320 Italian social enterprises. Results show that CSR is the strongest determinant of firm performance, although there is an indirect effect of cooperation and worker alienation in terms of higher job satisfaction.
Francisco-José López-Arceiz; Nazaria Solferino; Viviana Solferino; Ermanno C. Tortia. Applying the Möbius Strip Model to Corporate Social Responsibility: Survey-Based Findings from Italian Social Enterprises. Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences 2017, 1, 1750007 .
AMA StyleFrancisco-José López-Arceiz, Nazaria Solferino, Viviana Solferino, Ermanno C. Tortia. Applying the Möbius Strip Model to Corporate Social Responsibility: Survey-Based Findings from Italian Social Enterprises. Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences. 2017; 1 (2):1750007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco-José López-Arceiz; Nazaria Solferino; Viviana Solferino; Ermanno C. Tortia. 2017. "Applying the Möbius Strip Model to Corporate Social Responsibility: Survey-Based Findings from Italian Social Enterprises." Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences 1, no. 2: 1750007.
Ermanno C. Tortia. The Firm As a Common. The Case of the Accumulation and Use of Capital Resources in Co-operative Enterprises. SSRN Electronic Journal 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleErmanno C. Tortia. The Firm As a Common. The Case of the Accumulation and Use of Capital Resources in Co-operative Enterprises. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmanno C. Tortia. 2017. "The Firm As a Common. The Case of the Accumulation and Use of Capital Resources in Co-operative Enterprises." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.
The paper deals with the mediating role of immaterial satisfaction between substantive human resources (HR) features and organizational performance. We address this relationship in the Italian social service sector using a survey dataset that includes 4134 workers and 320 not-for-profit social cooperatives. The obtained results show that human resource management (HRM) practices influence immaterial satisfaction and, satisfaction positively impacts on firm performance. However, the impact of the different HRM practices is not the same. In this sense, worker involvement and workload pressure have a positive impact on firm performance; but task autonomy or collaborative teamwork do not have impact on organizational performance.
Silvia Sacchetti; Ermanno C. Tortia; Francisco J. López Arceiz. Human resource management practices and organizational performance. The mediator role of immaterial satisfaction in Italian Social Cooperatives. 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleSilvia Sacchetti, Ermanno C. Tortia, Francisco J. López Arceiz. Human resource management practices and organizational performance. The mediator role of immaterial satisfaction in Italian Social Cooperatives. . 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Sacchetti; Ermanno C. Tortia; Francisco J. López Arceiz. 2016. "Human resource management practices and organizational performance. The mediator role of immaterial satisfaction in Italian Social Cooperatives." , no. : 1.