Objective Pests are one of the important factors affecting the yield and quality of maize.Evaluating the resistance level of different maize varieties to major pests has important guiding significance for the selection of insect-resistant varieties. Method In this study，we first observed the population dynamics of different pests for spring maize in Jiangxi Province，and identified the resistance to Ostrinia furnacalis and Rhopalosiphum maidis of 52 maize varieties via aphid quantity ratio method and stem hole number comparasions.Finally，insect-resistant maize varieties suitable for planting in the province were obtained through the investigation of maize yield and ear damage rate. Result we found that Mythimna loreyi，O. furnacalis，Mythimna loreyi，Spodoptera frugiperda，and R. maidis were the main pests of spring maize in Nanchang City，Jiangxi Province.Among them，the populations of corn aphid and Asian corn borer are relatively large.According to the ratio of aphid number，there were 17 high aphid-resistant varieties，5 aphid-resistant varieties，5 medium aphid-resistant varieties，6 susceptible varieties and 17 high susceptible varieties in 52 popularized varieties..According to the number of holes in the stem，there were 12 varieties with high resistance to Asian corn borer，14 varieties with resistance to Asian corn borer，12 varieties with moderate resistance，5 varieties with sensitivity and 9 varieties with high sensitivity.While the aphid resistance of some popularized maize varieties was poor，their resistance to borers was strong，while the resistance to borers was poor，their resistance to aphids was strong.However，there were three varieties（Jingke968，Shuangtian726，and Wanxiantian6188）showed highly resistance to both R. maidis and O. furnacalis.The yield of 52 varieties for 10 plants fluctuated from 0.90 kg to 4.24 kg.Wanxiantian6188，Daimuda，Weitian999，Meiyushuangtiannuo502，Jingke968 had a higher yield than other varieties.Most of the maize varieties had more than 50% of ear damage rate，except Shangmandi，Guitiannuo 108，Taitan，Baimuda and Guinuo 530. Conclusion The 52 maize varieties popularized in Jiangxi Province have different degrees of resistance to pests，and their yields under natural infection are also quite different.We found that Wanxiantian 6188 and Jingke 968 had strong resistance to aphid and O. furnacalis and higher yield in the natural insect-sensitive state.Therefore，it was recommended to plant Wanxiantian 6188 and Jingke 968 for spring maize in Jiangxi Province.These resistant varieties screened in this study provided materials and theoretical basis for breeding and popularizing maize insect-resistant varieties.

The ability of a host plant to act as a substrate or media for larval development may depend on how good it is at offering suitable nutrients for bacterial growth. In this study, we hypothesized that the suitability of a fruit type for fruit fly larval development is positively correlated with the ability of that fruit to act as a substrate/media for fruit fly symbiotic bacterial growth. We allowed a single female fruit fly to lay eggs on five different host fruits, then we monitored the larval development parameters across five generations and analyzed the bacterial community structure of larvae developing in 2 of these hosts (apple and banana) at the first and fifth generations. Results indicate that the larval length and dry weight did not vary significantly across experimental generations, but were greatly affected by fruit types and larval stages. The larval development time was extended considerably in apple and tomato but shortened in banana and mango. There was a significant shift in bacterial community structure and composition across fruits and generations. The bacterial community of larvae within the same fruit (apple and banana) clustered and was similar to the parental female (with the predominance of Proteobacteria), but there was a shift at the fifth generation (dominance of Firmicutes). Banana offered a suitable better development and growth to larvae and bacteria, respectively, compared to apple in which reduced larval development and bacterial growth were recorded. Although additional experiments are needed to adequately show that the differences in microbiome seen in fruit fly larval guts are the actual driver of different developmental outcomes of larvae on the different fruits, at the very least, our study has provided intriguing data suggesting interaction between the diets and gut microbial communities on insect development. Importance and Significance of the study: Tephritid fruit flies entertain complex interactions with gut bacteria. These bacteria are known to provide nutritional benefits to their hosts, by supplementing missing nutrients from the host diets and regulating energy balance. Foraging for food is a risky exercise for the insect which is exposed to ecological adversities, including predators. Therefore, making beneficial choice among available food substrates is a question of survival for the flies and bacteria as well. Our study demonstrates interactions between the host fly and its intestinal bacteria in sustaining the larval development while foraging optimally on different fruit types. These findings add a novel step into our understanding of the interactions between the gut microbial communities and B. dorsalis and provide avenues for developing control strategies to limit the devastative incidence of the fly.

Habitat management using flowering plants on rice bunds and field ridges surrounding rice paddies can enhance conservation biological control by supporting beneficial predatory insects. However, multi-year field evidence for sesame (Sesamum indicum) when deployed as these bund-side flowering strips, and there is no molecular gut-content confirmation that the key predatory mirid bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis preys upon rice planthoppers pests under field conditions. Over a two-year field experiment, we compared rice paddies with sesame-planted bunds against control paddies without bunds. We surveyed major piercing-sucking pests (brown planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens, white-backed planthoppers Sogatella furcifera, leafhoppers, and thrips) and their primary predator C. lividipennis throughout different rice phenological growth stages. PCR-based laboratory digestion assays were used to quantify the detectability of N. lugens DNA in the gut of laboratory-reared and field-collected C. lividipennis. Sesame-planted bunds significantly increased natural-enemy abundance (C. lividipennis) and reduced planthoppers, leafhopper, and thrips densities. Treatment effects varied by rice stage, with suppression mainly occurring from booting/heading to grain filling and no significant differences at tillering, and effects at maturity were weak. In the laboratory, N. lugens DNA detection declined from 68.75% at 0 h to 0% at 16 h after feeding. In the field, 37.5% of C. lividipennis from sesame-bund paddies tested positive for N. lugens DNA. These findings provide field and molecular evidence that sesame-planted bunds conserve C. lividipennis and contribute to suppression of piercing-sucking rice pests, supporting their use as an auxiliary habitat-management tactic in rice integrated pest management.