Pollen morphology of 11 cultivars of different purpose use of Linum usitatissimum was studied with LM and SEM microscopy. On average, pollen grains were radially symmetrical, isopolar, and prolate spheroidal in shape, tricolpate and of large size. All grains were semitectate with discontinuous tectum due to partial fusion of heads of the clavae. The clavae were dimorphic, clearly differ in size, but morphologically similar. The smaller ones were dominant. All observed cultivars were very similar in pollen structure and the differences among their pollen grains were primarily quantitative.

The aim of this study was to show morphological variability of leaves in three species protected in Poland, i.e., Linum austriacum, Linum flavum, and Linum hirsutum in relation to the cultivated species Linum usitatissimum. As a result of the Principal Component Analysis, it was observed that PCA1 distinguishes two species with the greatest leaves (L. hirsutum and L. flavum). The other taxa form two separate groups, isolated on the basis of PCA2. It results from the dendrogram that the most similar varieties were the fibrous and the intermediate cultivars, and the oil and ornamental varieties of L. usitatissimum as well as L. hirsutum and L. flavum. The aim of this study was to show morphological variability of leaves in three species protected in Poland—L. austriacum, L. flavum, and L. hirsutum in relation to the cultivated species L. usitatissimum. Material for comparisons comprised four different types of common flax varieties: oil, fibrous, intermediate, and ornamental. A total of 30 leaves were measured for each species and variety, with their length and width recorded, and on that basis a ratio of leaf blade length to its width was calculated. Collected data were subjected to multivariate statistical analyses. The graphical image analysis of variance ANOVA showed that markedly longer and wider leaf blades were observed in L. flavum and L. hirsutum, while L. austriacum was characterized by the greatest value of the leaf length: width ratio. As a result of the Principal Component Analysis, it was observed that PCA1 distinguishes two species with the greatest leaves (L. hirsutum and L. flavum). The other taxa form two separate groups, isolated on the basis of PCA2. It results from the dendrogram that the most similar varieties were the fibrous and the intermediate cultivars, and the oil and ornamental varieties of L. usitatissimum as well as L. hirsutum and L. flavum.

Nowadays, the public needs to be made more aware of the benefits of sustainability for the local environment. It appears that tourism is a particularly effective tool for teaching sustainability and responsibility because it not only provides new experiences but also explains and enhances the visited area. Visitors should become more conscious of the need to preserve the ecosystem as a result of this remarkable experience, which is caused by skillfully planned activities. The authors of this study discuss the effects of tourism in the natural enclave of Poznań (Poland) while presenting the findings of interdisciplinary studies on locally threatened orchid species. The number and condition of individual orchids have not changed significantly as a result of rather strong anthropopressure, according to observations made since 1997. The study area is an ideal place to enhance environmental education and responsible tourism because it is also rich in historical values. Such tourism can be considered responsible urban tourism. According to the questionnaire study, which was based on 1000 surveys, respondents expressed a developing emotional attachment to the area and commended the educational pathways and changes in land use. They also acknowledged that they did not know enough about the location, the environment, or the cultural legacy. The current study demonstrates that, while society has grown to value the Kopanina wilderness, it has also begun to consider nature conservation from a wider perspective.