This paper examines the organizational readiness of Polish energy enterprises in the face of these challenges, exploring factors that influence their ability to undertake exploratory innovation and meet the demands of the energy–climate nexus. The study aims to investigate the organizational readiness of Polish energy enterprises, focusing on their capacity to explore and adopt innovative solutions in response to the dual pressures of advancing energy technologies and addressing climate imperatives. The triangulation of research methods was chosen to achieve the most reliable research outcomes. Among the available techniques, two were selected: computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) and in-depth interviews, both of which were employed to gather the necessary data. The model illustrates the impact of each interaction among the three types of affordances, presenting a corresponding set of results specific to digital affordances and entrepreneurial dynamics. Furthermore, it offers policy recommendations to support the sector’s adaptive capacity and proposes frameworks for energy firms to enhance their exploration capabilities in response to both market and regulatory imperatives. The research objective is to assess the current state of organizational readiness among Polish energy enterprises for implementing and scaling new technologies that contribute to both enhanced energy efficiency and resilience to climate change.

The report is a comprehensive study devoted to the analysis of cooperation between vocational education and businesses in the context of the development of smart specializations in the Podlaskie Province. The main objective of the research was to assess the level and quality of links between vocational schools and businesses, and to identify directions for action to better adapt vocational education to the needs of the regional labor market and innovation processes. The authors of the report adopted a broad research perspective, combining an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the concept of smart specializations with an assessment of the practical experiences of cooperation between schools and enterprises. The study provides a detailed characterization of the region’s smart specializations and relates them to the challenges arising from the 4.0 and 5.0 industrial transformations. It also takes into account the legal and institutional conditions for cooperation between education and business.

Purpose – This article is devoted to Poczta Polska, which is a sole‑shareholder company of the State Treasury. The research problem concerns the financial situation of the largest postal operator on the market. The aim of the article is to examine the financial condition of Poczta Polska SA in the years 2018–2022 in the context of further opportunities to operate on the market. Research method – The research consisted of two stages: preliminary analysis (outlining the general picture of the financial situation) and ratio analysis (which is an extension of the preliminary analysis). The assessment of the financial situation of Poczta Polska was based on the analysis of the balance sheet, analysis of the profit and loss account, cash flow statement, analysis of liquidity, debt, turnover and profitability ratios. The study used data included in the financial reports available on the post office’s website for the years 2018–2022. Results – The carried out analysis allowed for the assessment of the financial condition of the examined Poczta Polska SA, which is one of the oldest enterprises operating in Poland. The situation of the national operator is financially difficult and is systematically deteriorating. The continuation of unfavourable trends in the coming years may contribute to the bankruptcy of the post office, which would be difficult for the owner, i.e. the State Treasury. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The raised issues are important and current, but they are not the area of interest for scientists. The carried out analysis and the formulated conclusions fill the gap in the literature and constitute an inspiration for further development of research on the financial and property situation of postal operators.