Background/Objectives: Optimization algorithms are acknowledged to be critical in various fields and dynamical systems since they provide facilitation in identifying and retrieving the most possible solutions concerning complex problems besides improving efficiency, cutting down on costs, and boosting performance. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms, on the other hand, are inspired by natural phenomena, providing significant benefits related to the applicable solutions for complex optimization problems. Considering that complex optimization problems emerge across various disciplines, their successful applications are possible to be observed in tasks of classification and feature selection tasks, including diagnostic processes of certain health problems based on bio-inspiration. Sepsis continues to pose a significant threat to patient survival, particularly among individuals admitted to intensive care units from emergency departments. Traditional scoring systems, including qSOFA, SIRS, and NEWS, often fall short of delivering the precision necessary for timely and effective clinical decision-making. Methods: In this study, we introduce a novel, interpretable machine learning framework designed to predict in-hospital mortality in sepsis patients upon intensive care unit admission. Utilizing a retrospective dataset from a tertiary university hospital encompassing patient records from January 2019 to June 2024, we extracted comprehensive clinical and laboratory features. To address class imbalance and missing data, we employed the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and systematic imputation methods, respectively. Our hybrid modeling approach integrates ensemble-based ML algorithms with deep learning architectures, optimized through the Red Piranha Optimization algorithm for feature selection and hyperparameter tuning. The proposed model was validated through internal cross-validation and external testing on the MIMIC-III dataset as well. Results: The proposed model demonstrates superior predictive performance over conventional scoring systems, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96, a Brier score of 0.118, and a recall of 81. Conclusions: These results underscore the potential of AI-driven tools to enhance clinical decision-making processes in sepsis management, enabling early interventions and potentially reducing mortality rates.

Epidural blood patch (EBP) is widely recognized as the definitive treatment for postdural puncture headache, a rare but debilitating complication of spinal anesthesia or unintentional dural puncture. However, the lack of sufficient research on available online content about EBP, especially on social media platforms such as YouTube and TikTok, raises concerns about its reliability. In this context, this study was conducted to evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube and TikTok videos about EBP and to identify sources that provide high-quality and reliable information. The material of this cross-sectional, observational study consisted of videos about EBP uploaded to YouTube and TikTok. Two independent reviewers evaluated these videos for their reliability and quality using the DISCERN instrument, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark, and the global quality scale. The median duration of the 72 videos included in the study material was 233 seconds. Of these videos, 77.8% were uploaded by patients. Only 13.9% of the videos were rated as high-quality based on DISCERN scores, and 81.9% were deemed insufficient by JAMA standards. The reliability and quality scores of the videos uploaded by doctors and healthcare channels were significantly higher than those uploaded by patients (P < .05). TikTok videos were significantly shorter and received significantly more likes than YouTube videos (P = .028). On the other hand, the overall quality of YouTube videos was significantly higher than TikTok videos (P < .05). Most YouTube and TikTok videos on EBP, especially those uploaded by patients, were of low quality and reliability. Videos uploaded by doctors and healthcare channels were typically more reliable than those uploaded by patients, highlighting the need for increased professional contributions to improve the quality of online health content.

The purpose of this study is to assess the quality, reliability, and usefulness of anesthesia-related YouTube videos for obese patients by analyzing their content and evaluating their usefulness based on the source of the video. This research analyzed the top 108 most-watched YouTube videos tagged with “bariatric anesthesia” and “anesthesia in obese patients.” We recorded data such as the upload year, number of views, days since upload, daily average views, length of videos, and the number of likes and comments. Videos were grouped into 3 categories: healthcare institutions, educational institutions, and personal websites. The accuracy and reliability of the videos were evaluated using standards set by the American Medical Association. The quality was assessed via a global quality scale (GQS), and usefulness was determined through a newly developed obesity anesthesia benefit index (OABI). The general usefulness of these videos was rated low. There was a notable correlation between the OABI usefulness scores and both the video durations and the time since upload (P = .000; P = .037). Videos from educational institutions notably scored higher on the GQS and according to the American Medical Association standards compared to other sources (P < .000; P < .000). Despite these differences, 75% of videos from healthcare institutions, 61.9% from educational institutions, and 76.5% from personal sources were classified as minimally useful according to the OABI. Our evaluation using the obesity anesthesia benefit index revealed that the usefulness of the YouTube videos was lower than initially hypothesized.

Background and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the adequacy of the liberal transfusion strategy applied in patients undergoing endoscopy-assisted Metopic, Coronal, or Sagittal craniosynostosis surgery according to the Pre-Transfusion and Post-Transfusion Estimated Red Blood Cell Mass (ERCM) ratios. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted at the Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine (2017–2023), utilized anesthesia, surgical records, and hospital electronic data of patients undergoing endoscopic craniosynostosis surgery. The primary endpoints were the rates of Post-Transfusion 1st-hour ERCM/Pre-Transfusion ERCM (%) and Post-Transfusion 24th-hour ERCM/Pre-Transfusion ERCM (%). The secondary endpoints were determined as Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) values at the 1st and 24th hours after surgery, Calculated Blood Loss (CBL) during surgery (%), total 24 h CBL (%), ERCM (%), and Estimated Blood Loss (EBV) during surgery and total 24 h transfusions, Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) (mL/kg) amounts during surgery, and total 24 h transfusions. Results: A total of 86 pediatric craniosynostosis cases were evaluated and categorized into Metopic (n = 38), Sagittal (n = 33), and Coronal (n = 15) groups, with Post-Transfusion evaluation conducted across these groups. Post-Transfusion 1st-hour ERCM/Pre-Transfusion ERCM ratios were found to have median values of 90.70% in the Metopic group, 91.61% in the Sagittal group, and 93.09% in the Coronal group. Post-Transfusion 24th-hour ERCM/Pre-Transfusion ERCM ratios were found to be median values of 94.05% in the Metopic group, 88.3% in the Sagittal group, and 87.08% in the Coronal group. Conclusions: The liberal transfusion strategy provided adequate transfusion, maintaining ERCM ratios within the 85–115% range across all groups. Significant decreases in Hb and Hct levels were observed from preoperative to postoperative measurements at 1 and 24 h. Changes in CBL, ERCM, EBV, and PRBC volumes were noted between the postoperative 1 h and 24 h measurements across all groups.

(1) Background: The aim of this bibliometric study is to analyze global research trends, citation impact, and scientific collaborations in the field of neuromuscular blockers (NMBAs) and their antagonists between 2000 and 2024. (2) Methods: Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) using Boolean search strategies. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using R bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software to visualize collaboration networks, keyword trends, and citation bursts. (3) Results: A total of 499 articles were analyzed, with the United States of America (USA), China, and South Korea leading in productivity, while France had the highest citation impact. Influential authors included Mertes PM and Fuchs-Buder T. Emerging topics such as sugammadex, sevoflurane, and neuromuscular monitoring were identified, reflecting a shift from pharmacokinetic studies to safety and monitoring strategies. (4) Conclusions: The findings indicate a marked increase in studies on neuromuscular monitoring and reversal agents, such as sugammadex, over the past two decades. The USA, France, and China emerged as the most contributory countries in NMBAs research, with their extensive international collaborations playing a pivotal role in shaping scientific progress. Highly influential studies have predominantly focused on NMBA pharmacokinetics, safety, anaphylaxis risks, and the clinical benefits of sugammadex, underscoring its critical role in reducing residual neuromuscular blockade (rNMB) and enhancing patient safety.

Aims: Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified nutrition risk score (mNUTRIC) score in predicting clinical outcomes and mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: This study was designed as a prospective observational cohort study. It was conducted in patients admitted to the Anesthesiology and Reanimation ICUs of Pamukkale University Hospital. The primary outcome measure of this study was the comparison of mNUTRIC scores at days 2, 7, and 12 between survivors and non-survivors. Secondary outcome measures included the effectiveness of predicting the necessity for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), hemodialysis, and vasopressor or inotropic support. Additionally, the study examined the impact of nutritional adequacy (categorized as hypocaloric or hypercaloric) and protein intake levels (classified as low, medium and high) on mortality among patients. Student’s T test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons involving continuous variables, and the Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Results: The mNUTRIC scores of 176 patients who participated in the study were meticulously assessed. In this context, mNUTRIC scores were computed for the entirety of the patient cohort (n=176) on the second day for 91 patients on the seventh day, and for forty-six patients on the twelfth day on the second day the APACHE II, SOFA, and mNUTRIC scores exhibited significantly elevated values in patients who succumbed to their conditions (22.60±7.94, 6.81±3.03, and 5.00±2.03) in contrast to those who survived (16.99±5.05, 3.94±2.26, and 3.32±1.48, all p