The main objective of this study was to identify the status and development opportunities and evaluate the economic viability of investments in large-scale photovoltaic installations in Southeastern Poland. The primary data sources used in the study were empirical materials from all photovoltaic installations implemented with support from the Regional Operational Program of the Lublin Voivodeship (ROP WL) for 2007–2013 (31 projects). The following indices were used to evaluate the economic efficiency of the investments studied: rate of return on investment (ROI), simple payback period (SPP), net present value of investment (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), discounted payback period (DPBT), and averaged unit cost of electricity generation (LCOE). They were carried out for three scenarios–baseline, conservative, and optimistic–in two variants, for actual capital expenditures considering financial support used and without subsidies. It was determined that the expected lifetime of the studied investments would be 25 years. The sensitivity analysis shows that, regardless of the adopted scenario, investments in solar thermal power with the level of support that took place under the 2007–2013 financial perspective were reasonable long-term investments. In the least favorable scenario (conservative) included in the analysis, the discounted payback period ranged from 8.1 to 22 years. In the optimistic scenario, DPBT values ranged from 5.6 years to more than 15 years. The payback period (both simple and discounted) for investments with the subsidy was, on average, almost twice as fast as for investments without the subsidy, while the average unit cost of electricity generation with the subsidy was about 30% lower than without it.

Accidents at work and their consequences constitute a significant socio-economic problem. Human capital, understood as the combination of knowledge and skills, forms the foundation of agricultural production, where its level directly affects occupational safety and the frequency of accidents. The aim of the study was to determine the number of work-related accidents in Polish agriculture from 2014 to 2024 and to examine their structure by location. The study covered all work accidents registered with the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (ASIF). The source material was based on a review of the relevant literature and unpublished ASIF secondary data. The collected data were analyzed using time trend analysis. A forecasting approach was applied and, due to the characteristics of the systematic components, the Holt method and the naïve method in the constant growth variant were used. The research results were examined using descriptive and tabular statistics. The findings indicate that, on average, the number of work-related accidents in Polish agriculture decreased by 8% annually during the study period. Based on statistical forecasting that accounts for ex-post forecast errors and the RMSPE, the number of accidents in Polish agriculture in 2025 and 2026 is expected to decrease by 2% compared to 2024. The analyses partially fill the existing research gap regarding long-term trends in agricultural accident rates.

Dla rolnika wypadek przy pracy oznacza podwyższoną absencję chorobową,mniejszą wydajność oraz jakość wykonywanej pracy, co wiąże się z zakłóceniami toku produkcjirolnej, a to podnosi koszty produkcji i wpływa niekorzystnie na gospodarstwo rolne.Celem badań było ustalenie wskaźnika wypadkowości w rolnictwie polskim w ujęciu regionalnym.Wyniki badań opracowano za pomocą metod statystyki opisowej i tabelarycznej. Z przeprowadzonychbadań wynika, że najwyższy wskaźnik wypadkowości na 1000 ubezpieczonychrolników zarejestrowano w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim, a najniższy w województwieśląskim. Pomimo wielu działań prewencyjnych prowadzonych w rolnictwie, mającychna celu poprawę bezpieczeństwa pracy w badanym okresie, wskaźnik wypadkowości w latach2021-2024 był wyższy niż w 2020 roku. Należy sądzić, że liczba wypadków przy pracy w przeliczeniuna ubezpieczonych w rolnictwie bez wdrożenia odpowiednich działań w zakresie bhpw rolnictwie może rosnąć.

This article presents the scale of costs paid by Social Insurance Agency due to accidents at work in the food industry. The financial burden borne by the state and enterprises in respect of the social benefits due to accidents at work and occupational diseases are significant on a national scale. In Poland, the highest costs of social benefits due to accidents at work were reported in 2007 while the lowest costs were observed in 2006. In the food industry the highest average costs of social benefits due to accidents at work were recorded in 2008, and the lowest in 2006.