159 wheat varieties obtained from ICARDA, CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34 were used to evaluate the stripe rust resistance in this study. Seedling resistance was carried out in the green house at the two-leaf stage. Adult-plant resistance was carried out between 2022 and 2023 in Xining and Guide, respectively. A total of 24,151 high-quality SNP loci were obtained from a 55K SNP chip data. Genome-wide association study was carried out between SNP loci and stripe rust resistance. Seedling resistance screening revealed that 91.8% (146) of wheat varieties were resistant to CYR32 and CYR33, while only 49.7% (79) of wheat varieties were resistant to CYR34. Adult-plant resistance showed 153 (96.2%) germplasms represented resistance in 2022, while only 85 (53.4%) showed resistance in 2023. An association study using the 55K SNP chip data results combined with disease ratings of 159 materials at both the seedling and adult stages discovered 593 loci related to stripe rust resistance (P ≤ 0.0001). These loci exhibited contribution rates ranging from 11.1% to 18.7%. Among them, 71 were significantly related to resistance against CYR32 at the seedling stage, with a contribution rate of 12.7%-17.2%. Constituting the vast majority, 518 loci distributed across 21 chromosomes were significantly related to CYR33 at the seedling stage, with a contribution rate of 12.6%-18.7%. Fewer loci were found to be associated with disease resistance in adult plants. In E1 environment, a sole locus was detected on chromosome 2B with a contribution rate of 14.4%. In E2 environment, however, exhibited three loci across chromosomes 2B, 4A, and 7B with contribution rates ranging from 11.1% to 16.9%. A total of 68 multi-effect loci were significantly related to resistance against both CYR32 and CYR33 at the seedling stage, and one stable locus was significantly associated with stripe rust resistance at the adult plant stage.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a partially allogamous species, is rich in protein. Condensed tannins limit the use of faba beans as food and feed. Two recessive genes, zt-1 and zt-2, control the zero tannin content in faba bean and promote a white flower phenotype. To determine the inheritance and develop a linkage map for the zt-1 gene in the faba bean germplasm M3290, F₂ and F₃ progenies were derived from the purple flower and high tannin content genotypes Qinghai12 and zt-1 line M3290, respectively. Genetic analysis verified a single recessive gene for zero tannin content and flower colour. In total, 596 SSR markers and 100 ISSR markers were used to test the polymorphisms between the parents and bulks for the contrasting flower colour via Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA). Subsequently, six SSR markers and seven ISSR markers were used to genotype the entire 413 F₂ population. Linkage analysis showed that the zt-1 gene was closely linked to the SSR markers SSR84 and M78, with genetic distances of 2.9 and 5.8 cM, respectively. The two flanked SSR markers were used to test 34 faba bean genotypes with different flower colours. The closely linked SSR marker SSR84 predicted the zt-1 genotypes with absolute accuracy. The results from the marker-assisted selection (MAS) from this study could provide a solid foundation for further faba bean breeding programmes.

As an important cereal crop in the world, quality research is crucial for wheat. It is necessary to further explore the quality genes of wheat and cultivat