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Dr. Luca Fredianelli
Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Environmental Acoustics
0 Noise mapping
0 road traffic noise
0 wind turbine noise
0 Noise mitigations

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road traffic noise
wind turbine noise
Noise mapping
Noise management
Noise measurements
Noise action plans
Railway noise

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Journal article
Published: 21 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Noise has long been neglected as an environmental pollutant and impairment health factor in maritime transport. Recently, acoustic pollution indicates the highest growth in transport external cost unit values. In 2020, questionnaires were submitted to seafarers to examine their noise exposure and perception on board and attitudes towards noise abatement measures. Responses of 189 participants were processed using descriptive statistics and Likert scale valuation, while their consistency was tested with indirect indicators using linear regression and correlation test. Results show that more than 40% of respondents do not consider noise as a significant environmental problem. The negative perception among respondents with ≥10 years of work experience was much lower (23.53%). Most are aware of the onboard noise harmful effects that can influence their health. Despite that, they use personal protection equipment only sometimes. A higher positive perception was recorded in groups of respondents with a university degree (90%), work experience longer than ten years (82.35%), and monthly income higher than 4000 € (70%). Respondents are not strongly motivated to participate in funding noise mitigation measures, and such a viewpoint is not related to their monthly incomes. The low awareness and motivation regarding acoustic pollution generally shown by the surveyed seafarers should be watched as a threat by the company managers. Better education and awareness are likely to be crucial to change the current state of affairs.

ACS Style

Luka Vukić; Vice Mihanović; Luca Fredianelli; Veljko Plazibat. Seafarers’ Perception and Attitudes towards Noise Emission on Board Ships. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6671 .

AMA Style

Luka Vukić, Vice Mihanović, Luca Fredianelli, Veljko Plazibat. Seafarers’ Perception and Attitudes towards Noise Emission on Board Ships. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luka Vukić; Vice Mihanović; Luca Fredianelli; Veljko Plazibat. 2021. "Seafarers’ Perception and Attitudes towards Noise Emission on Board Ships." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6671.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2021 in Environments
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Maritime transportation is recognized to have advantages in terms of environmental impact compared to other forms of transportation. However, an increment in traffic volumes will also produce an increase in noise emissions in the surroundings for a greener source, as ports are frequently surrounded by urban areas. When more sources or higher noise emissions are introduced, the noise exposure of citizens increases, and the likelihood of official complaints rises. As a consequence, among the most demanding aspects of port management is effective noise management aimed at a reduction in the exposure of citizens while ensuring the growth of maritime traffic. At the same time, the topic has not been thoroughly studied by the scientific community, mostly because port areas are challenging from a noise management point of view; they are often characterized by a high degree of complexity, both in terms of the number of different noise sources and their interaction with the other main transportation infrastructure. Therefore, an effective methodology of noise modeling of the port area is currently missing. With regard to the INTERREG Maritime Program, the present paper reports a first attempt to define noise mapping guidelines. On the basis of the current state-of-the-art and the authors’ experiences, noise sources inside port areas can be divided into several different categories: road sources, railway sources, ship sources, port sources, and industrial sources. A further subdivision can be achieved according to the working operation mode and position of the sources. This classification simplifies actions of identification of the responsible source from control bodies, in the case that noise limits are exceeded or citizen complaints arise. It also represents a necessary tool to identify the best placing of medium/long-term noise monitoring stations. The results also act as a base for a future definition of specific and targeted procedures for the acoustic characterization of port noise sources.

ACS Style

Luca Fredianelli; Matteo Bolognese; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. Classification of Noise Sources for Port Area Noise Mapping. Environments 2021, 8, 12 .

AMA Style

Luca Fredianelli, Matteo Bolognese, Francesco Fidecaro, Gaetano Licitra. Classification of Noise Sources for Port Area Noise Mapping. Environments. 2021; 8 (2):12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Fredianelli; Matteo Bolognese; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. 2021. "Classification of Noise Sources for Port Area Noise Mapping." Environments 8, no. 2: 12.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Only recently has noise been considered in the assessment of the sustainability of port infrastructures, after decades of unawareness. INTERREG Maritime projects unveiled problems that have been neglected so far, such as the lack of proper regulation and noise exposure assessments for citizens. While it is true that a port area includes a huge variety of possible noise sources, very few of them have been characterized from an acoustical point of view. INTERREG projects have boosted research in the field, and previous studies have dealt with noise produced by moving ships in ports. The present work starts from a previous measurement campaign used to obtain broadband and 1/3-octave-band noise emissions of moving ships, and it aims to explain their uncertainties. More than a month’s worth of continuous acoustic measurements and video recordings were deeply analyzed in order to obtain an input database that is as precise as possible. A multiple regression analysis was performed in order to understand the influence that parameters such as minimum distance, speed, and draught have on ships’ noise emissions, which were calculated using pass-by measurements, with a special focus on ferries. The minimum distance of each ship’s passage from the microphone was measured using a video recording with an innovative methodology, providing results with 3 m of uncertainty. Knowing which parameter is more influential would help in planning proper measurements for monitoring or for drafting correct guidelines. Draught was determined to be uninfluential in ferries’ noise emissions, while the minimum distance and speed relations were estimated and accounted for in the calculation of a refined sound power level. From a spectrum point of view, the frequencies from 500 Hz to 2.5 kHz were determined to be those that contributed the most to the noise produced by the transit of a ship, and they vary with speed. With the studied corrections, different ferry models resulted in similar noise emissions. The standard deviation of noise emitted was reduced by 0.5 dB (A), and the average was also improved by positioning the ships’ flow at the correct average minimum distance. Furthermore, the right placement of a source is also important in the acoustic mapping phase for a correct evaluation of the propagation of noise at a distance. The use of more precise input data is important for improving the output of acoustic propagation models during the assessment of port noise in the surrounding areas.

ACS Style

Marco Nastasi; Luca Fredianelli; Marco Bernardini; Luca Teti; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. Parameters Affecting Noise Emitted by Ships Moving in Port Areas. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8742 .

AMA Style

Marco Nastasi, Luca Fredianelli, Marco Bernardini, Luca Teti, Francesco Fidecaro, Gaetano Licitra. Parameters Affecting Noise Emitted by Ships Moving in Port Areas. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8742.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Nastasi; Luca Fredianelli; Marco Bernardini; Luca Teti; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. 2020. "Parameters Affecting Noise Emitted by Ships Moving in Port Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8742.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2020 in Sustainability
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In the light of sustainability, satisfactory living conditions is an important factor for people’s positive feedback in their own living environment. Acoustic comfort and noise exposure should then be carefully monitored in all human settlements. Furthermore, it is already well-known that high or prolonged noise levels may lead to unwanted health effects. Unfortunately, while in the last decades scientists and public authorities have investigated the noise produced by roads, trains, and airports, not enough efforts have been spent in studying what happens around the coastal and port areas. Following the attention brought to the subject by recent European projects on noise in port areas, the present paper characterizes the sound power level and 1/3 octave band sound power spectrum of seagoing ships while moving at low speeds. Five different categories have been distinguished: Roll-on/roll-off (RORO), container ship, oil tanker, chemical tanker, and ferry. The analysis is based on a continuous noise measurement lasting more than three months, performed in the industrial canal of the port of Livorno (Italy). The resulting noise emissions are new and useful data that could be inserted in acoustic propagation models to properly assess the noise in the areas affected by port activities. Thus, the present work can act as a supporting tool in planning ship traffic in ports towards better sustainability.

ACS Style

Luca Fredianelli; Marco Nastasi; Marco Bernardini; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. Pass-by Characterization of Noise Emitted by Different Categories of Seagoing Ships in Ports. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1740 .

AMA Style

Luca Fredianelli, Marco Nastasi, Marco Bernardini, Francesco Fidecaro, Gaetano Licitra. Pass-by Characterization of Noise Emitted by Different Categories of Seagoing Ships in Ports. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1740.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Fredianelli; Marco Nastasi; Marco Bernardini; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. 2020. "Pass-by Characterization of Noise Emitted by Different Categories of Seagoing Ships in Ports." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1740.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2020 in Sensors
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The knowledge of the acoustic impedance of a material allows for the calculation of its acoustic absorption. Impedance can also be linked to structural and physical proprieties of materials. However, while the impedance of pavement samples in laboratory conditions can usually be measured with high accuracy using devices such as the impedance tube, complete in-situ evaluation results are less accurate than the laboratory results and is so time consuming that a full scale implementation of in-situ evaluations is practically impossible. Such a system could provide information on the homogeneity and the correct laying of an installation, which is proven to be directly linked to its acoustic emission properties. The present work studies the development of a measurement instrument which can be fastened through holding elements to a moving laboratory (i.e., a vehicle). This device overcomes the issues that afflict traditional in-situ measurements, such as the impossibility to perform a continuous spatial characterization of a given pavement in order to yield a direct evaluation of the surface’s quality. The instrumentation has been uncoupled from the vehicle’s frame with a system including a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, studied to maintain the system at a fixed distance from the ground and to reduce damping. The stabilization of this device and the measurement system itself are evaluated and compared to the traditional one.

ACS Style

Francesco Bianco; Luca Fredianelli; Fabio Lo Castro; Paolo Gagliardi; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. Stabilization of a p-u Sensor Mounted on a Vehicle for Measuring the Acoustic Impedance of Road Surfaces. Sensors 2020, 20, 1239 .

AMA Style

Francesco Bianco, Luca Fredianelli, Fabio Lo Castro, Paolo Gagliardi, Francesco Fidecaro, Gaetano Licitra. Stabilization of a p-u Sensor Mounted on a Vehicle for Measuring the Acoustic Impedance of Road Surfaces. Sensors. 2020; 20 (5):1239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Bianco; Luca Fredianelli; Fabio Lo Castro; Paolo Gagliardi; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. 2020. "Stabilization of a p-u Sensor Mounted on a Vehicle for Measuring the Acoustic Impedance of Road Surfaces." Sensors 20, no. 5: 1239.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2019 in Environments
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After the European Environmental Noise Directive prescribed noise maps and action plans, wide scientific literature and a consistent number of mitigation strategies emerged for road, railway, airport, and industrial noise. Unfortunately, very little attention has been paid to the noise produced by ports in their surroundings, even though there could be many areas affected by it. At present, more attention seems to be paid to noise produced underwater, mostly for military and security reasons and for its interference with wildlife, rather than airborne noise and its influence on human health. In the framework of a project aiming to shed more light on a topic so far under-investigated, this paper presents an acoustical characterization of different small vessels at various speeds that move around on a daily basis in every type of port, produced by means of short- and long-term measurements. The new information acquired was used to produce a map of noise generated by vessels moving in Livorno’s canals, which branch off in a densely inhabited area. The simulations were validated using long-term measurement. The number of citizens exposed was also estimated and used to calculate the number of highly annoyed people according to the recent curve for road traffic noise proposed by Guski et al. In order to prevent citizen exposure to noise and possible complaints about small boats, different scenarios and possible future situations such as various vessel speeds, limited flow, restricted areas for some categories, or new residential areas were studied.

ACS Style

Marco Bernardini; Luca Fredianelli; Francesco Fidecaro; Paolo Gagliardi; Marco Nastasi; Gaetano Licitra. Noise Assessment of Small Vessels for Action Planning in Canal Cities. Environments 2019, 6, 31 .

AMA Style

Marco Bernardini, Luca Fredianelli, Francesco Fidecaro, Paolo Gagliardi, Marco Nastasi, Gaetano Licitra. Noise Assessment of Small Vessels for Action Planning in Canal Cities. Environments. 2019; 6 (3):31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bernardini; Luca Fredianelli; Francesco Fidecaro; Paolo Gagliardi; Marco Nastasi; Gaetano Licitra. 2019. "Noise Assessment of Small Vessels for Action Planning in Canal Cities." Environments 6, no. 3: 31.

Review
Published: 30 January 2019 in Environments
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Noise barriers are the most widespread solution to mitigate noise produced by the continuous growth of vehicular traffic, thus reducing the large number of people exposed to it and avoiding unpleasant effects on health. However, conventional noise barriers present the well-known issues related to the diffraction at the edges which reduces the net insertion loss, to the reflection of sound energy in the opposite direction, and to the complaints of citizens due to the reduction of field of view, natural light, and air flow. In order to avoid these shortcomings and maximize noise abatement, recent research has moved toward the development of sonic crystals as noise barriers. A previous review found in the literature was focused on the theoretical aspects of the propagation of sound through crystals. The present work on the other hand reviews the latest studies concerning the practical application of sonic crystal as noise barriers, especially for road traffic noise mitigation. The paper explores and compares the latest developments reported in the scientific literature, focused on integrating Bragg’s law properties with other mitigation effects such as hollow scatterers, wooden or recycled materials, or porous coating. These solutions could increase the insertion loss and frequency band gap, while inserting the noise mitigation action in a green and circular economy. The pros and cons of sonic crystal barriers will also be discussed, with the aim of finding the best solution that is actually viable, as well as stimulating future research on the aspects requiring improvement.

ACS Style

Luca Fredianelli; Alessandro Del Pizzo; Gaetano Licitra. Recent Developments in Sonic Crystals as Barriers for Road Traffic Noise Mitigation. Environments 2019, 6, 14 .

AMA Style

Luca Fredianelli, Alessandro Del Pizzo, Gaetano Licitra. Recent Developments in Sonic Crystals as Barriers for Road Traffic Noise Mitigation. Environments. 2019; 6 (2):14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Fredianelli; Alessandro Del Pizzo; Gaetano Licitra. 2019. "Recent Developments in Sonic Crystals as Barriers for Road Traffic Noise Mitigation." Environments 6, no. 2: 14.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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With the increasing installation of wind farms, the attention of citizens towards wind turbine noise (WTN) has grown. Differently from some national legislations, the scientific community has promptly responded, increasing the studies and the social surveys in order to better understand the cause of disturbance and the indicators that relate to it. At first, the paper underlines the importance of low WTN levels for indirect health effects such as sleep disturbance and annoyance. The importance to consider noise annoyance in legislation is also discussed, as WTN is more disturbing than other most common noise sources. Then, conversion curves for equally highly annoyed are introduced considering the annoyance perceived by population in relation with the type of source. Finally, a specific limit value of 43 dB(A) for WTN is derived and suggested, comparable with British and Danish standards.

ACS Style

Luca Fredianelli; Stefano Carpita; Gaetano Licitra. A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 648, 728 -736.

AMA Style

Luca Fredianelli, Stefano Carpita, Gaetano Licitra. A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 648 ():728-736.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Fredianelli; Stefano Carpita; Gaetano Licitra. 2018. "A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance." Science of The Total Environment 648, no. : 728-736.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The effects of noise on students’ health, well-being, and learning are of growing concern among both the general public and policy-makers in Europe. Several studies have highlighted the consequences of noise on children’s learning and performance at school. This study investigates the relationship between noise judgment in school goers aged 11–18 and noise measurements aimed at evaluating their exposure at school. For this purpose, a questionnaire was administered to 521 individuals in 28 classrooms in eight schools of four cities in Italy, with different environmental characteristics. Using a Likert-type scale, a selected set of responses related to noise generated an Annoyance Index (AI) score for each student and a classroom median score (MAI). From the noise data acquired, a global noise score (GNS) was assigned to each classroom. A higher AI was found in industrialized areas and among younger students. No significant differences in noise judgment were found by gender. A significant inverse correlation was described between MAI and GNS, thus the better the acoustic quality of the classrooms, the less the perceived noise and annoyance. The results show that noise perception and consequent disturbance are highly correlated with classroom acoustics, and confirm that annoyance represents the most widespread subjective response to noise.

ACS Style

Fabrizio Minichilli; Francesca Gorini; Elena Ascari; Fabrizio Bianchi; Alessio Coi; Luca Fredianelli; Gaetano Licitra; Federica Manzoli; Lorena Mezzasalma; Liliana Cori. Annoyance Judgment and Measurements of Environmental Noise: A Focus on Italian Secondary Schools. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 208 .

AMA Style

Fabrizio Minichilli, Francesca Gorini, Elena Ascari, Fabrizio Bianchi, Alessio Coi, Luca Fredianelli, Gaetano Licitra, Federica Manzoli, Lorena Mezzasalma, Liliana Cori. Annoyance Judgment and Measurements of Environmental Noise: A Focus on Italian Secondary Schools. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (2):208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabrizio Minichilli; Francesca Gorini; Elena Ascari; Fabrizio Bianchi; Alessio Coi; Luca Fredianelli; Gaetano Licitra; Federica Manzoli; Lorena Mezzasalma; Liliana Cori. 2018. "Annoyance Judgment and Measurements of Environmental Noise: A Focus on Italian Secondary Schools." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2: 208.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2017 in Environments
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During a survey related to acoustic and visual perception of users of urban areas, 614 people have been interviewed in Pisa (Italy). The work aims to identify and quantify the effects of parameters influencing the perception of tranquillity in order to understand the soundscape and to propose a method based on the perception of tranquillity for the detection of quiet areas within urban ones. A linear model that predicts the tranquillity perceived in different environments, based on their visual and acoustic characteristics, is proposed. Users were interviewed by operators inside the areas, using a direct approach of standardized questionnaires and oral questions. Simultaneous noise measurements and soundwalks have been performed, together with visual registrations. The linear model obtained predicts the perceived tranquillity based on the statistical level LA10 (A-weighted noise level exceeded for 10% of the measurement time) the sound sources and visual elements. The perceived tranquillity results negatively correlated to LA10 and to the presence of sound sources or negative visual elements. The presence of beneficial sound sources is positively correlated to the perceived tranquillity. However, the effect of the noise level is regulated by environmental characteristics. Perceived tranquillity is proposed as an indicator to identify quiet areas in the urban environment, according to European Directive 49/2002/EC. The obtained model identifies the areas that would get a higher tranquillity value than a fixed threshold value and therefore would be perceived as quiet. The model can be used as a cost-benefit analysis support tool to identify the best solution between the reduction of noise levels and the regeneration of urban areas, referring to the tranquillity perceived by the users.

ACS Style

Luca Cassina; Luca Fredianelli; Irene Menichini; Claudia Chiari; Gaetano Licitra. Audio-Visual Preferences and Tranquillity Ratings in Urban Areas. Environments 2017, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

Luca Cassina, Luca Fredianelli, Irene Menichini, Claudia Chiari, Gaetano Licitra. Audio-Visual Preferences and Tranquillity Ratings in Urban Areas. Environments. 2017; 5 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Cassina; Luca Fredianelli; Irene Menichini; Claudia Chiari; Gaetano Licitra. 2017. "Audio-Visual Preferences and Tranquillity Ratings in Urban Areas." Environments 5, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Noise Control Engineering Journal
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Wind turbine noise (WTN) assessment by means of outdoor measurements at the receivers living nearby an operation wind farm results a complex task. Both the background noise and the source noise are related to wind speed and both contribute to the overall measured noise levels (environmental noise). Especially in hilly areas, many physical phenomena increase the wind shear, leading to an unpredictable relation between noise and wind speed. In many countries, this kind of assessment is even more difficult due to the national regulations requiring to compute the difference between environmental and background noise levels acquired in the same weather conditions. Thus, the residual noise is generally evaluated turning off the wind farm, with a consequent disagreement. This study suggests a procedure to simultaneously estimate the immission and the residual noise components measured nearby a wind farm when the residual noise is mainly generated by wind. This allows the evaluation of the noise impact produced by operational wind farms, without requiring the farm shutdown. An engineering method with the required scientific basis to be used as an assessment procedure by consultants and public bodies is thus developed. Particular attention will be put on the parameters involved in the procedure and an example of application is provided.

ACS Style

Luca Fredianelli; Paolo Gallo; Gaetano Licitra; Stefano Carpita. Analytical assessment of wind turbine noise impact at receiver by means of residual noise determination without the wind farm shutdown. Noise Control Engineering Journal 2017, 65, 417 -433.

AMA Style

Luca Fredianelli, Paolo Gallo, Gaetano Licitra, Stefano Carpita. Analytical assessment of wind turbine noise impact at receiver by means of residual noise determination without the wind farm shutdown. Noise Control Engineering Journal. 2017; 65 (5):417-433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Fredianelli; Paolo Gallo; Gaetano Licitra; Stefano Carpita. 2017. "Analytical assessment of wind turbine noise impact at receiver by means of residual noise determination without the wind farm shutdown." Noise Control Engineering Journal 65, no. 5: 417-433.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Acta Acustica united with Acustica
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ACS Style

Paolo Gagliardi; Luca Fredianelli; Duccio Simonetti; Gaetano Licitra. ADS-B System as a Useful Tool for Testing and Redrawing Noise Management Strategies at Pisa Airport. Acta Acustica united with Acustica 2017, 103, 543 -551.

AMA Style

Paolo Gagliardi, Luca Fredianelli, Duccio Simonetti, Gaetano Licitra. ADS-B System as a Useful Tool for Testing and Redrawing Noise Management Strategies at Pisa Airport. Acta Acustica united with Acustica. 2017; 103 (4):543-551.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Gagliardi; Luca Fredianelli; Duccio Simonetti; Gaetano Licitra. 2017. "ADS-B System as a Useful Tool for Testing and Redrawing Noise Management Strategies at Pisa Airport." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 103, no. 4: 543-551.

Review
Published: 22 April 2017 in Current Pollution Reports
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The paper is focused on the prioritization process in noise action plans. The available indicators (noise scores) and methodologies for defining hotspots are analysed and discussed. Indicators and methodologies are classified in order to highlight their suitability for different specific aims. The revised annex II of the European Directive 2002/49/EC fixed population exposure and modelling issues leading to different approaches in the prioritization process. Unfortunately, the indicators for rating areas are not commonly defined and a validated procedure is still not recognized at EU level. Furthermore, the importance of considering annoyance in the mitigation process arose, and this paper summarizes the pros and cons of their use for the purpose of prioritization process. A recent attempt to combine annoyance evaluations with limits compliance in noise score for the priority definition is presented. The paper classifies various priority indicators basing on their inclusion of compliance limits compliance, annoyance or both. Then, the methods for merging index values at dwelling for hotspot identification are classified according to their approaches, particularly between those using geometrical approaches, or needing reference administrative areas. The paper highlights the suitability of each method to specific sources, contexts and aims of the prioritization process. Merging methods resulted necessary whenever the epidemiological study is not the aim of the calculation; indeed, the mitigation measures could be planned for delimited and prioritized areas and not directly derived from building noise scores.

ACS Style

Gaetano Licitra; Elena Ascari; Luca Fredianelli. Prioritizing Process in Action Plans: a Review of Approaches. Current Pollution Reports 2017, 3, 151 -161.

AMA Style

Gaetano Licitra, Elena Ascari, Luca Fredianelli. Prioritizing Process in Action Plans: a Review of Approaches. Current Pollution Reports. 2017; 3 (2):151-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano Licitra; Elena Ascari; Luca Fredianelli. 2017. "Prioritizing Process in Action Plans: a Review of Approaches." Current Pollution Reports 3, no. 2: 151-161.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Applied Acoustics
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The noise assessment at the receivers due to wind turbines in operation is usually performed through outdoor measurements. Background noise and wind turbines noise (WTN) are related to wind speed and both contribute to the overall measured noise levels (environmental noise). Nevertheless, the relation between noise and wind speed is not easily predictable, especially when the wind farms are installed in hilly terrains, where the wind shear is truly remarkable. In Italy and in other countries, this kind of assessment is even more difficult to perform due to the national regulations that require to compute the difference between environmental and background noise levels with the same weather conditions. Thus, to get a reliable and approved measure of the residual noise it would be necessary to turn off the wind farm. This work suggests a technical procedure to simultaneously estimate the immission and the residual noise components measured nearby a wind farm when the residual noise is mainly generated by wind. This allows the evaluation of the noise impact produced by operational wind farms, without requiring the farm shut down. The method aims to be fairly straightforward, thus maintaining the required scientific basis to be used as an assessment procedure by consultants and public bodies.

ACS Style

P. Gallo; L. Fredianelli; Diego Palazzuoli; G. Licitra; F. Fidecaro. A procedure for the assessment of wind turbine noise. Applied Acoustics 2016, 114, 213 -217.

AMA Style

P. Gallo, L. Fredianelli, Diego Palazzuoli, G. Licitra, F. Fidecaro. A procedure for the assessment of wind turbine noise. Applied Acoustics. 2016; 114 ():213-217.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Gallo; L. Fredianelli; Diego Palazzuoli; G. Licitra; F. Fidecaro. 2016. "A procedure for the assessment of wind turbine noise." Applied Acoustics 114, no. : 213-217.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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The noise impact of the whole railway infrastructure was characterized in the urban environment of Pisa, Italy. The ordinary train transits were considered, nevertheless it was given particular attention also to the noise sources referable to railway operations like manoeuvring, loading and unloading, truck movements, braking, squeals and whistles. These kinds of noise are usually neglected in the noise modelling and are hereafter called "unconventional noises". The characteristics of the railway infrastructure and the receptors' distribution guided the measuring point selection and led to a survey with a sample of 119 people ranging between the ages of 35 and 70 and residents in the area for at least 5 years. The differences between the ordinary noise modelling and the measured noise, including the unconventional ones, were investigated. Dose-effect relationships for %HA and measured or simulated railways noise were calculated and compared with others in literature. The last paragraph of this paper is dedicated to the exposure to railway vibration and its relation with noise exposure. The results show the limitations of traditional noise mapping for railway epidemiological studies based exclusively on ordinary transits and confirm the role of vibrations as enhancing factor for disturbance.

ACS Style

Gaetano Licitra; Luca Fredianelli; Davide Petri; Maria Angela Vigotti. Annoyance evaluation due to overall railway noise and vibration in Pisa urban areas. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 568, 1315 -1325.

AMA Style

Gaetano Licitra, Luca Fredianelli, Davide Petri, Maria Angela Vigotti. Annoyance evaluation due to overall railway noise and vibration in Pisa urban areas. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 568 ():1315-1325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano Licitra; Luca Fredianelli; Davide Petri; Maria Angela Vigotti. 2016. "Annoyance evaluation due to overall railway noise and vibration in Pisa urban areas." Science of The Total Environment 568, no. : 1315-1325.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2016 in Noise Mapping
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The LIFE GIOCONDA is an ongoing project that aims to provide an innovative methodology to the authorities for supporting the environment & health policies by involving the young people in the decision-making processes. The project suggests a web platform able to relate air and noise pollution data in the schools with the students’ pollution awareness. GIOCONDA aims to enhance the awareness of students, teachers and local administrations on the noise issues in schools, presenting suitable tools to improve the public participative processes. This paper presents a new method that has been developed within the Project. It aims to evaluate the acoustic performances of a classroom and to suggest the use of a global indicator based on a group of acoustic parameters compared with their limit values. Whit the new method the comparison between different classrooms or different schools becomes possible, together with a homogeneous evaluation of the priority for planning noise mitigation actions. Several noise measurement campaigns have been performed to characterize the students’ exposure in eight Italian schools. The results are useful to describe the acoustic performances of classrooms.

ACS Style

Marco Chetoni; Elena Ascari; Francesco Bianco; Luca Fredianelli; Gaetano Licitra; Liliana Cori. Global noise score indicator for classroom evaluation of acoustic performances in LIFE GIOCONDA project. Noise Mapping 2016, 3, 157 -171.

AMA Style

Marco Chetoni, Elena Ascari, Francesco Bianco, Luca Fredianelli, Gaetano Licitra, Liliana Cori. Global noise score indicator for classroom evaluation of acoustic performances in LIFE GIOCONDA project. Noise Mapping. 2016; 3 (1):157-171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Chetoni; Elena Ascari; Francesco Bianco; Luca Fredianelli; Gaetano Licitra; Liliana Cori. 2016. "Global noise score indicator for classroom evaluation of acoustic performances in LIFE GIOCONDA project." Noise Mapping 3, no. 1: 157-171.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2015 in Applied Acoustics
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The use of road surfaces with low noise emission characteristics is one of the actions mostly applied all over the world to decrease the number of road traffic noise annoyed people. Since many Italian roads are going to be paved with such surfaces, the LEOPOLDO project (funded by the Tuscany Region and the Italian Ministry of Transportation) was planned to check the efficacy in time of this action. Among all solutions, rubberized road surface is one of the most applied in USA, Canada, Europe and Asia. This paper describes results obtained by monitoring four rubberized surfaces one year after the laying and by evaluating the time stability of LEOPOLDO one by means of the Close Proximity method (CPX). All surfaces here analyzed are laid in real scenarios, so the actual efficacy of this action is evaluated. The results on the LEOPOLDO surface show spatial homogeneity, a good time stability and a significant noise emission reduction. Instead, analysis of the four rubberized surfaces shows variability in the results, probably due to the pavement installation quality, as supported by the data. Thus, the rubberized road surface looks to be a very efficient mitigation technology, providing the installation have been carried out with care and proficiency

ACS Style

Gaetano Licitra; M. Cerchiai; L. Teti; Elena Ascari; L. Fredianelli. Durability and variability of the acoustical performance of rubberized road surfaces. Applied Acoustics 2015, 94, 20 -28.

AMA Style

Gaetano Licitra, M. Cerchiai, L. Teti, Elena Ascari, L. Fredianelli. Durability and variability of the acoustical performance of rubberized road surfaces. Applied Acoustics. 2015; 94 ():20-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano Licitra; M. Cerchiai; L. Teti; Elena Ascari; L. Fredianelli. 2015. "Durability and variability of the acoustical performance of rubberized road surfaces." Applied Acoustics 94, no. : 20-28.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2014 in Applied Acoustics
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ACS Style

Gaetano Licitra; Paolo Gagliardi; Luca Fredianelli; Duccio Simonetti. Noise mitigation action plan of Pisa civil and military airport and its effects on people exposure. Applied Acoustics 2014, 84, 25 -36.

AMA Style

Gaetano Licitra, Paolo Gagliardi, Luca Fredianelli, Duccio Simonetti. Noise mitigation action plan of Pisa civil and military airport and its effects on people exposure. Applied Acoustics. 2014; 84 ():25-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano Licitra; Paolo Gagliardi; Luca Fredianelli; Duccio Simonetti. 2014. "Noise mitigation action plan of Pisa civil and military airport and its effects on people exposure." Applied Acoustics 84, no. : 25-36.