Development and Optimization of an Unmanned Agricultural Machinery Management System Based on Internet of Things (IoT) Technology By integrating sensors, cloud platforms and dynamic task scheduling algorithms, this research aims to address the efficiency and stability bottlenecks of traditional agricultural machinery in operation path planning, real-time scheduling and multi-device collaboration. The research covers three core dimensions: expanded application of NB-IoT technology in agricultural scenarios, development of multi-task coupling optimization methods, and efficient integration of cloud and edge computing. The ultimate goal is to realize precision operation and intelligent management of agricultural machinery, and further advance the development of precision agriculture and smart agriculture.