Monitoring and assessing soil erosion is essential for reducing land degradation and ensuring food security. It provides critical scientific insights for developing effective policies and implementing targeted preventive measures. The emergence of remote sensing technology has significantly bolstered soil erosion research, empowering researchers to comprehensively and accurately understand and address soil erosion-related challenges. Consequently, remote sensing has become pivotal in soil erosion research methodologies. In recent years, significant progress has been made in remote sensing research on soil erosion. This study aims to encapsulate the current status and advancements of remote sensing technology applications in soil erosion research. It catalogs commonly used remote sensing data sources and introduces innovative methodologies for detecting soil-erosion-related information utilizing remote sensing data and technology. Furthermore, it delves into the analysis of remote sensing acquisition methods for factors influencing soil erosion and examines the crucial role of remote sensing in prevalent soil erosion simulation and prediction models. Additionally, this study identifies existing challenges in research and outlines the prospects and developmental directions of remote sensing in soil erosion research, emphasizing its potential to contribute to sustainable land management practices and environmental conservation efforts.